Table 1.
Bivariate demographic, criminal justice and medical associations with within-prison drug injection
| Characteristic | N | Total n (%) | Injected in prison n (%) | Did not inject in prison n (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recruited in Kyiv | 95 | 46 (48.4) | 35 (64.8) | 11 (26.8) | <0.001 |
| Mean age (SD) | 95 | 35.4 (±8.2) | 34.3 (±8.4) | 36.9 (±7.9) | 0.116 |
| Mean days since release (SD) | 93 | 169.2 (±70.7) | 172.7 (±63.0) | 164.6 (±79.9) | 0.523 |
| Mean length last prison term, months (SD) | 93 | 49.5 (±27.2) | 49.0 (±22.8) | 50.0 (32.2) | 0.768 |
| Male gender | 95 | 84 (88.4) | 53 (98.1) | 31 (75.6) | 0.001 |
| Stable relationship partner | 91 | 59 (64.8) | 33 (63.5) | 26 (66.7) | 0.751 |
| Income Below Poverty | 94 | 57 (60.0) | 33 (61.1) | 24 (60.0) | 0.913 |
| Did not complete secondary education | 95 | 35 (36.8) | 22 (40.7) | 13 (31.7) | 0.366 |
| Stable housing | 94 | 58 (61.7) | 32 (60.4) | 26 (63.4) | 0.709 |
| Mean age first incarcerated (SD) | 95 | 21.1 (±6.2) | 19.6 (±3.4) | 23.2 (±8.3) | 0.143 |
| Mean lifetime prison terms (SD) | 95 | 2.9 (±2.0) | 3.1 (±2.2) | 2.6 (±1.6) | 0.209 |
| Mean lifetime police detentions (SD) | 91 | 11.1 (±11.5) | 12.4 (±12.3) | 9.5 (±10.5) | 0.126 |
| Knew HIV status before last prison term | 90 | 46 (48.4) | 22 (43.1) | 22 (56.4) | 0.212 |
| Accessed HIV care in 30 days prior to prison | 91 | 8 (8.8) | 5 (9.6) | 3 (7.7) | 0.749 |
| Accessed HIV care within prison | 91 | 60 (65.9) | 41 (78.8) | 19 (48.7) | 0.003 |
| Received ART in 30 days prior to prison | 91 | 13 (14.3) | 10 (19.2) | 3 (7.7) | 0.120 |
| Received ART within prison | 91 | 17 (18.7) | 13 (24.5) | 4 (10.5) | 0.091 |
| TBD: Ever diagnosed | 90 | 54 (60.0) | 32 (64.0) | 22 (55.0) | 0.386 |
| TBD: Treated in 6 months before prison | 89 | 21 (23.6) | 15 (31.3) | 6 (14.6) | 0.066 |
| TBD: Treated in prison | 90 | 46 (51.1) | 31 (63.3) | 15 (36.6) | 0.019 |
| HCV: Ever diagnosed | 89 | 37 (41.6) | 22 (44.9) | 15 (37.5) | 0.481 |
| HCV: Treated 6 months before prison: | 85 | 10 (11.8) | 6 (13.6) | 4 (9.8) | 0.579 |
| HCV: Treated in prison | 89 | 18 (20.2) | 14 (29.2) | 4 (9.8) | 0.023 |
| Mental illness: Ever diagnosed | 83 | 16 (19.3) | 8 (18.2) | 8 (20.5) | 0.788 |
| Mental illness: Treated in 6 months before prison | 82 | 4 (4.9) | 2 (4.7) | 2 (5.1) | 0.920 |
| Mental illness: Treated in prison | 71 | 2 (2.8) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (2.7) | 0.952 |
Legend: SD=standard deviation; ART=antiretroviral therapy; TBD = tuberculosis disease, HCV = hepatitis C virus