Table 2.
Bivariate drug and alcohol use associations with within-prison drug injection d sharing of injection equipment
| Characteristic | N | Total n (%) | Injected in prison n (%) | Did not inject in prison n (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last incarceration drug-related | 95 | 73 (76.8) | 44 (81.5) | 29 (70.7) | 0.219 |
| Met screening criteria for opioid dependence | 95 | 80 (84.2) | 49 (90.7) | 31 (75.6) | 0.045 |
| Moderate to severe drug-use severity | 95 | 88 (92.6) | 51 (94.4) | 37 (90.2) | 0.438 |
| Met screening criteria for any hazardous drinking | 87 | 54 (62.1) | 27 (54.0) | 27 (73.0) | 0.071 |
| Met screening criteria for alcohol dependence | 87 | 24 (27.6) | 10 (20.0) | 14 (37.8) | 0.066 |
| On OST at time of last incarceration | 92 | 17 (18.5) | 11 (21.6) | 6 (14.6) | 0.394 |
| Opioid use 30 days prior to prison | 92 | 70 (73.7) | 48 (90.6) | 22 (56.4) | <0.001 |
| Stimulant use 30 days before prison | 85 | 45 (52.9) | 26 (56.5) | 19 (48.7) | 0.473 |
| Alcohol Use 30 days before prison | 91 | 58 (63.7) | 32 (65.3) | 24 (60.0) | 0.606 |
| Poly-substance use 30 days before prison | 86 | 57 (66.3) | 35 (74.5) | 22 (56.4) | 0.078 |
| Any drug injection during 30 days before prison | 95 | 84 (88.4) | 52 (96.3) | 32 (78.0) | 0.008 |
| Mean injection days for those injecting (SD) | 84 | 20.5 (±7.9) | 20.1 (±7.1) | 21.3 (±9.2) | 0.350 |
| Mean injections per day for those injecting (SD) | 73 | 3.1 (±4.5) | 3.3 (±4.7) | 2.7 (±4.2) | 0.213 |
| Any high-risk injection 30 days before prison | 95 | 75 (78.9) | 46 (85.2) | 29 (70.7) | 0.087 |
| Injection equipment sharing 30 days before prison | 95 | 45 (47.4) | 29 (53.7) | 16 (39.0) | 0.156 |
| Common liquid drug container 30 days before prison | 95 | 73 (76.8) | 46 (85.2) | 27 (65.9) | 0.027 |
| Injection-related morbidity 12 months before prison | 94 | 64 (68.1) | 44 (81.5) | 20 (50.0) | 0.001 |
Legend: SD=standard deviation; OST=opioid substitution therapy