Table 1.
Awareness of cigarette price increases after a cigarette tax increase (n=3167)
| Variables | Univariate | Bivariate | Multivariate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| N (%) | % Aware | Unadjusted OR and 95% CI† | Adjusted OR and 95% CI† | |
| Age (years) | 17.9 ± 1.7‡ | -- | 1.15 (1.10, 1.20)* | 0.96 (0.91, 1.01) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1534 (48.4%) | 42.5 | 1.04 (0.90, 1.19) | § |
| Female | 1633 (51.6%) | 41.6 | Ref | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| African American or Black | 111 (3.5%) | 31.5 | 0.62 (0.41, 0.93)* | 0.71 (0.44, 1.13) |
| Other | 261 (8.2%) | 41.0 | 0.94 (0.72, 1.21) | 0.77 (0.57, 1.06) |
| White | 2795 (88.3%) | 42.6 | Ref | Ref |
| Parent Education Level | ||||
| Some graduate school or higher | 601 (20.7%) | 36.6 | 0.60 (0.47, 0.75)* | 1.03 (0.78, 1.37) |
| College graduate | 1069 (36.8%) | 37.6 | 0.62 (0.51, 0.76)* | 1.00 (0.78, 1.28) |
| Some college or associate degree | 659 (22.7%) | 45.1 | 0.85 (0.68, 1.06) | 1.12 (0.85, 1.46) |
| High school graduate or under | 577 (19.9%) | 49.2 | Ref | Ref |
| Number of hours in paid job per week | ||||
| Over 40 hours | 159 (5.0%) | 58.5 | 2.46 (1.75, 3.45)* | 1.02 (0.67, 1.56) |
| 31 to 40 hours | 330 (10.5%) | 60.0 | 2.62 (2.03, 3.37)* | 1.33 (0.96, 1.84) |
| 21 to 30 hours | 375 (11.9%) | 50.9 | 1.81 (1.42, 2.30)* | 1.48 (1.12, 1.98)* |
| 20 hours or less | 1274 (40.4%) | 37.4 | 1.04 (0.88, 1.24) | 1.10 (0.89, 1.34) |
| No paid job | 1015 (32.2%) | 36.5 | Ref | Ref |
| Smoking stage at Round 9 | ||||
| Established | 335 (10.6%) | 83.3 | 15.66 (11.49, 21.33)* | 3.32 (2.23, 4.93)*|¶ |
| Regular | 190 (6.0%) | 73.2 | 8.57 (6.09, 12.05)* | 4.37 (2.23, 4.93)*| |
| Experimental | 159 (5.0%) | 66.0 | 6.11 (4.32, 8.65)* | 4.02 (2.72, 5.93)*| |
| < Monthly | 457 (14.5%) | 53.2 | 3.57 (2.87, 4.43)* | 2.56 (1.99, 2.49)*¶# |
| Trier | 445 (14.1%) | 40.1 | 2.16 (1.73, 2.69)* | 1.96 (1.54, 2.49)*# |
| Never smoker | 1570 (49.8%) | 24.2 | Ref | Ref ** |
| Living with smokers | ||||
| Yes | 1064 (33.6%) | 46.7 | 2.46 (2.12, 2.86)* | 1.45 (1.20, 1.74)* |
| No | 2098 (66.4%) | 34.7 | Ref | Ref |
| Number of close friends who smoke (0–4) | 1.1 ± 1.3‡ | -- | 1.80 (1.69, 1.91)* | 1.31 (1.12, 1.31)* |
| General awareness of cigarette price changes | ||||
| Aware | 890 (28.1%) | 76.6 | 8.21 (6.86, 9.83)* | 5.27 (4.30, 6.46)* |
| Unaware | 2277 (71.9%) | 28.6 | Ref | Ref |
*
p<0.05.
†
OR=odds ratios, CI=confidence intervals.
‡
Means and standard deviations are provided for continuous variables.
§
Variables dropped in chunkwise analysis (F-test p>0.1).
|, ¶, #, **
Odds ratios that share the same symbol were indistinguishable in a pair-wise comparison after Bonferroni adjustment.