Table 3.

Reported reduction in smoking after the tax increase among past 30-day smokers at Round 11 (n=781)

Variables	Univariate	Bivariate		Multivariate
	N (%)	% reduced smoking	Unadjusted OR and 95% CI†	Adjusted OR and 95% CI†
Age (years)	18.4 ± 1.6‡	--	0.95 (0.85, 1.05)	§
Gender
Male	396 (50.7%)	26.5	1.31 (0.94, 1.82)	§
Female	385 (49.3%)	21.7	Ref
Ethnicity
African American or Black	12 (1.5%)	41.7	2.39 (0.75, 7.63)	§
Other	73 (9.4%)	31.9	1.57 (0.93, 2.66)
White	696 (89.1%)	23.0	Ref
Parent Education Level
Some graduate school or higher	117 (17.0%)	16.4	0.43 (0.24, 0.77)*	0.46 (0.25, 0.84)*
College graduate	228 (33.1%)	20.3	0.56 (0.36, 0.88)*	0.61 (0.38, 0.98)*
Some college or associate degree	168 (24.4%)	25.3	0.75 (0.46, 1.20)	0.76 (0.47, 1.23)
High school graduate or under	176 (25.5%)	31.3	Ref	Ref
Number of hours in paid job per week
Over 40 hours	73 (9.4%)	31.0	0.90 (0.50, 1.61)	0.78 (0.42, 1.42)
31 to 40 hours	131 (16.9%)	25.2	0.67 (0.41, 1.10)	0.76 (0.37, 1.03)
21 to 30 hours	109 (14.1%)	22.2	0.57 (0.33, 0.98)*	0.55 (0.31, 0.95)*
20 hours or less	261 (33.6%)	15.4	0.37 (0.23, 0.57)*	0.38 (0.24, 0.59)*
No paid job	202 (26.0%)	33.3	Ref	Ref
Smoking stage at Round 9
Established	313 (40.2%)	27.4	3.76 (1.12, 12.69)*	2.45 (0.70, 8.60)
Regular	153 (19.6%)	29.1	4.11 (1.19, 14.16)*	3.20 (0.91, 11.28)
Experimental	92 (11.8%)	23.9	3.14 (0.87, 11.29)	2.49 (0.68, 9.18)
< Monthly	126 (16.2%)	15.9	1.89 (0.53, 6.78)	1.56 (0.43, 5.72)
Trier	62 (8.0%)	21.3	2.71 (0.72, 10.29)	2.21 (0.57, 8.60)
Never smoker	33 (4.2%)	9.1	Ref	Ref
Living with smokers
Yes	394 (50.1%)	23.6	0.94 (0.67, 1.30)	§
No	385 (49.4%)	24.8	Ref
Number of close friends who smoke (0–4)	2.2 ± 1.4‡	--	1.17 (1.02, 1.33)*	§
General awareness of cigarette price changes
Aware	432 (55.3%)	27.7	1.57 (1.12, 2.20)*	§
Unaware	349 (44.7%)	19.7	Ref

^*p<0.05.

^†OR=odds ratios, CI=confidence intervals.

^‡Means and standard deviations are provided for continuous variables.

^§Variables dropped in chunkwise analysis (F-test p>0.1).