Table 1.
Stanford Resistance Score for Potential First-line Failures Screened for ACTG A5230
| (A) Prevalence of Resistance-Associated Mutations by Clinical Site | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 148) | Wits (N = 23) | Chiang Mai (N = 27) | YRG CARE (N = 16) | Kamuzu (N = 50) | KCMC (N = 32) | P Value | ||
| NRTI | ||||||||
| N (%) with ≥1 mutation | 138 (93%) | 21 (91%) | 27 (100%) | 15 (94%) | 44 (88%) | 31 (97%) | .29a | |
| Median no. (1st, 3rd quartile) | [3 (1, 5)] | [1 (1, 2)] | [4 (2, 5)] | [3.5 (1, 6)] | [4 (2, 7)] | [3.5 (2, 5)] | <.001b | |
| NNRTI | ||||||||
| N (%) with ≥1 mutation | 142 (96%) | 21 (91%) | 27 (100%) | 16 (100%) | 47 (94%) | 31 (97%) | .58a | |
| Median no. (1st, 3rd quartile) | [2.5 (2, 3)] | [2 (1, 3)] | [3 (2, 3)] | [2.5 (2, 3)] | [3 (2, 3)] | [2 (2, 3)] | .09b | |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | ||||||||
| N (%) with ≥1 mutation | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | … | |
| Median no. (1st, 3rd quartile) | [0 (0, 0)] | [0 (0, 0)] | [0 (0, 0)] | [0 (0, 0)] | [0 (0, 0)] | [0 (0, 0)] | ||
| (B) N (%) Individuals With Stanford Resistance Level by Drug | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stanford Resistance Level | NRTI |
NNRTI |
PI |
|||||||||
| Abacavir | Zidovudine | Stavudine | Didanosine | Tenofovir | Lamivudine | Emtricitabine | Efavirenz | Nevirapine | Etravirine | Rilpivirine | Lopinavir | |
| Susceptible | 11 (7%) | 73 (49%) | 61 (41%) | 55 (37%) | 85 (57%) | 10 (7%) | 10 (7%) | 6 (4%) | 6 (4%) | 47 (32%) | 48 (32%) | 146 (99%) |
| Potential low-level resistance | 44 (30%) | 2 (1%) | 5 (3%) | 10 (7%) | 14 (9%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (7%) | 10 (7%) | 0 (0%) |
| Low-level resistance | 25 (17%) | 11 (7%) | 22 (15%) | 22 (15%) | 15 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 20 (14%) | 20 (14%) | 2 (1%) |
| Intermediate resistance | 36 (24%) | 35 (24%) | 35 (24%) | 28 (19%) | 28 (19%) | 7 (5%) | 7 (5%) | 41 (28%) | 0 (0%) | 51 (34%) | 51 (34%) | 0 (0%) |
| High-level resistance | 32 (22%) | 27 (18%) | 25 (17%) | 33 (22%) | 6 (4%) | 130 (88%) | 130 (88%) | 101 (68%) | 142 (96%) | 19 (13%) | 19 (13%) | 0 (0%) |
Abbreviations: Chiang Mai, Thailand (Chiang Mai University ACTG CRS); HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; KCMC, Tanzania (Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre CRS); Kumuza, Malawi (Kamuzu Central Hospital, University of North Carolina Lilongwe CRS); NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; Wits, South Africa (University of the Witwatersrand HIV CRS); YRG CARE, India (Y.R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education, VHS CRS).
a Fisher exact test for differences in the prevalence of resistance mutations at screening for A5230 by site.
b Kruskal–Wallis test for shifts in the distributions of number of resistance mutations present at screening for A5230 by site.