FIGURE 8.

Roles of WNT11 during facial morphogenesis. A, during normal morphogenesis, WNT11 is expressed at the lateral or proximal edges of the maxillary prominence under the eye (dashed lines). Data from shWNT11 knockdown revealed multiple roles on cell behavior and molecular signaling, some of which are characteristic of PCP pathways in other cell types (PCP). B, WNT11 overexpression in the right maxillary prominence (short dashes) is sufficient to induce clefts. The mechanisms include several processes that are typical of PCP signaling in other cell types.