Table 1. Prospective observational cohort studies of CVD risk and plasma CETP concentration or activity.

Study	Design	Results
Marschang 2006 18	1002 subjects (mean age, 65 yr; 44% female) free of CVD and taking pravastatin were followed for two years, during which 100 suffered a CVD event.	Significantly more CVD events in the bottom quartile of CETP conc than in the top quartile (OR 3.2, P=0.001). The association remained significant (P=0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, lipids and other risk factors. Similar result observed for cardiac events alone (P=0.009).
Vasan 2009 19 Framingham Heart Study	1978 subjects free of CVD (mean age, 51 yr, 54% female) were followed for 15 years, during which 320 suffered a CVD event.	CVD incidence was negatively associated with CETP activity (P=0.004) after adjustment for age, sex and standard risk factors. CETP activity ≥ median was associated with a risk reduction of 30%.
Khera 2010 20 PROVE IT-TIMI 22 Study	3218 subjects (mean age, 58 yr; 21% female) with clinical CHD taking either atorvastatin or pravastatin were followed for two years, during which 150 suffered a recurrent AMI or CHD death.	CETP conc was negatively associated with CHD risk in unadjusted data (HR per SD increase 0.77, P=0.005) and after adjustment for age, sex and other risk factors (0.81, P=0.027). In subjects whose LDL was below the median, CETP conc above the median was associated with a HR of 0.52 (P=0.02).
Duwensee 2010 21 KAROLA Study	1132 subjects with clinical CHD (mean age 59 yr, 15% female, 18% diabetics) were followed for 8 yr, during which there were 150 cases of fatal or non-fatal CVD, and 119 deaths.	With or without adjustment for sex, age and standard risk factors, HR for a new CVD event was negatively associated with CETP conc. Relative to subjects with CETP above the median, those below it had a HR for CVD of 1.84 (P<0.02), and for total mortality of 1.57 (P=0.04).
Ritsch 2010 22 LURIC Study	3256 subjects referred for coronary angiography (mean age 62 yr, 30% female), of whom 2560 had verified CAD, were followed for a mean of eight years, during which there were 754 total deaths, and 474 deaths from CVD.	CETP conc was lower in patients with CAD than in those without (P=0.002). Relative to the top CETP quartile, age- and sex-adjusted HR for CVD death in the bottom quartile was 1.38 (P=0.02), and that for total mortality was 1.37 (P=0.004). HRs were unaffected by adjustment for other risk factors.
Robins 2013 23 Framingham Offspring Study	2679 subjects (mean age, 58 yr, 56% female) free of CVD were followed for a mean of 10.4 yr, during which 187 suffered a CVD event.	In men CVD risk was associated negatively with CETP activity and positively with PLTP activity. After adjustment for PLTP and other risk factors, CVD remained negatively associated with CETP activity (HR 0.64, P=0.026). No significant associations in women.

Studies limited to coronary angiography without clinical endpoints are not included. AMI, acute myocardial infarction; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; PLTP, phospholipid transfer protein.