Table 3.

Comparison of specific-causes of death^* among propensity score-matched cohort

Persistent Exposure required†	Metformin+ Sulfonylurea N=9,145	Metformin+ Insulin N=1,865
Person Years	11,622	2,392
Cardiovascular Death	91	24
Unadjusted Rate/1000 person-years (95% CI)	7.8 (6.4, 9.6)	10.0 (6.8, 14.9)
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ‡ (95% CI)	Reference	1.21 (0.74, 2.00)
Cancer Death	82	35
Unadjusted Rate/1000 person-years (95% CI)	7.1 (5.7, 8.7)	14.6 (10.5, 20.3)
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ‡ (95% CI)	Reference	1.85 (1.21, 2.84)
All Other Deaths	123	41
Unadjusted Rate/1000 person-years (95% CI)	10.6 (8.9, 12.6)	17.1 (12.7, 23.2)
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ‡ (95% CI)	Reference	1.36 (0.90, 2.04)

^*Death certificates with cause of death were available through September 30, 2009 and only patients with a date of intensification before September 30, 2009 were included in analyses.

^†Primary analysis requires persistence on metformin; patients are censored after 90 days without metformin. Cardiovascular outcomes such as AMI or stroke are ignored.

^‡Adjusted hazard is derived from Cox proportional hazards marginal structural model for time to outcome truncating weights at 5. Refer to eTable 2 for the inverse probability treatment weights and eTables 3 and 4 for the propensity score models and the model used to derive Inverse probability treatment weights