Table 4. Comparison of different monitoring methods.

Purpose		Monitoring by tracks	Camera trap monitoring	Infrared trail monitoring
Species identification	Reliability	Reliable, but depends on the track pad material and condition	Highly reliable, but can miss fast moving animals (e.g. roe deer)
				Not possible
	Improvements	Use higher proportion of fine-grained material	Combine with track pads for better species coverage
Wildlife crossings estimation	Estimation bias	Underestimated	Underestimated	Overestimated
	Improvements	Frequent field visits (expensive!) or combination with other methods	Combination with other methods	Usage of filtering algorithm tuned by camera trap data to improve wildlife crossing estimation