Table 2.

AORs and 95% CIs for factors associated with development of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in multivariate analysis of different subgroups

All HIV-positive patients with early syphilis (n=317)
Variables	Reference	AOR	95% CI	p
Age, years	Per 1-year increase	0.98	0.95–1.02	0.32
CART	Without cART	1.60	0.74–3.46	0.24
CD4 count, cells/µl	Per 100-cell/µl increase	0.99	0.88–1.12	0.84
PVL<50 copies/mL	PVL ≥50 copies/mL	1.14	0.50–2.58	0.76
Prior penicillin therapy for syphilis	No prior penicillin therapy for syphilis	0.37	0.19–0.71	0.003
RPR titres	Per 1-log2 RPR increase	1.21	1.04–1.41	0.013
Azithromycin	Benzathine penicillin G	0.15	0.08–0.29	<0.001
Patients with primary or secondary syphilis ( N= 213)
Age, years	Per 1-year increase	0.98	0.94–1.02	0.37
CART	Without cART	1.46	0.67–3.21	0.34
CD4 count, cells/µl	Per 100-cell/µl increase	1.02	0.89–1.18	0.74
PVL<50 copies/mL	PVL ≥50 copies/mL	0.94	0.39–2.26	0.88
Prior penicillin therapy for syphilis	No prior penicillin therapy for syphilis	0.46	0.23–0.94	0.03
RPR titres	Per 1-log2 RPR increase	1.15	0.97–1.36	0.097
Azithromycin	Benzathine penicillin G	0.28	0.14–0.56	<0.001
HIV-positive patients without prior syphilis treatment ( N= 150)
Age, years	Per 1-year increase	0.98	0.94–1.03	0.49
CART	Without cART	1.92	0.78–4.73	0.16
CD4 count, cells/µl	Per 100-cell/µl increase	1.17	0.96–1.43	0.12
PVL<50 copies/mL	PVL ≥50 copies/mL	0.91	0.30–2.74	0.86
RPR titres	Per 1-log2 RPR increase	1.16	0.91–1.36	0.28
Azithromycin	Benzathine penicillin G	0.12	0.05–0.30	<0.001

CART=combination antiretroviral therapy; AOR=adjusted odds ratio; PVL=plasma HIV RNA load; RPR=rapid plasma reagin; CI=confidence interval.