Table 3.

Planned subgroup analysis for factors associated with the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in patents infected with Treponema pallidum without macrolide resistance mutations

Patients with early syphilis (n=194)
Variables	Reference	AOR	95% CI	p
Age, years	Per 1-year increase	0.99	0.95–1.03	0.49
CART	Without cART	1.71	0.75–3.92	0.20
CD4 count, cells/µl	Per 100-cell/µl increase	1.05	0.90–1.22	0.55
PVL<50 copies/mL	PVL ≥50 copies/mL	0.98	0.38–2.54	0.97
Prior penicillin therapy for syphilis	No prior penicillin therapy for syphilis	0.43	0.21–0.90	0.03
RPR titres	Per 1-log2 RPR increase	1.17	0.99–1.39	0.07
Azithromycin	Benzathine penicillin G	0.21	0.10–0.48	<0.001
Patients with primary or secondary syphilis ( N= 168)
Age, years	Per 1-year increase	0.99	0.95–1.03	0.55
CART	Without cART	1.62	0.71–3.72	0.26
CD4 count, cells/µl	Per 100-cell/µl increase	1.05	0.90–1.23	0.51
PVL<50 copies/mL	PVL≥50 copies/mL	0.92	0.35–2.44	0.87
Prior penicillin therapy for syphilis	Prior penicillin therapy for syphilis	0.51	0.23–1.09	0.08
RPR titres	Per 1-log2 RPR increase	1.15	0.97–1.37	0.11
Azithromycin	Benzathine penicillin G	0.32	0.14–0.75	0.008
Patients without prior syphilis treatment ( N= 118)
Age, years	Per 1-year increase	0.99	0.94–1.04	0.72
CART	Without cART	2.08	0.78–5.56	0.14
CD4 count, cells/µl	Per 100-cell/µl increase	1.29	1.00–1.66	0.05
PVL<50 copies/mL	PVL≥50 copies/mL	1.36	0.38–4.88	0.63
RPR titres	Per 1-log2 RPR increase	1.14	0.91–1.43	0.25
Azithromycin	Benzathine penicillin G	0.11	0.03–0.36	<0.001

CART=combination antiretroviral therapy; AOR=adjusted odds ratio; PVL=plasma HIV RNA load; RPR=rapid plasma reagin; CI=confidence interval.