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. 2014 Jun 17;111(5):987–997. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.328

Table 4. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the estimated dietary intake of acrylamide (energy-adjusted using the residual method) and type-I endometrial cancer risk in EPIC.

  Energy-adjusted acrylamide intake (μg per day)
  
   
 Quintiles
  
  10 μg increments Q1 (⩽14.5) Q2 (14.6–19.5) Q3 (19.6–24.2) Q4 (24.3–32.0) Q5 (32.1–222.4) Trend test P-value LRTP-valuea
Final model – Type I
N cases 627 105 111 125 122 164    
HR (95% CI)b
 0.98 (0.90–1.07)
 1.00 (ref)
 1.00 (0.74–1.35)
 1.04 (0.77–1.42)
 0.87 (0.63–1.21)
 0.97 (0.69–1.36)
 0.79
  
Cases diagnosed ⩾2 years after recruitment
N cases 556 98 93 117 107 141    
HR (95% CI)b
 0.96 (0.87–1.06)
 1.00 (ref)
 0.89 (0.65–1.23)
 1.04 (0.76–1.43)
 0.84 (0.60–1.19)
 0.93 (0.65–1.32)
 0.75
  
Type I – stratified analyses
Smoking status
Never smokers
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 N cases 350 56 54 67 69 104    
 HR (95% CI)c
 1.06 (0.95–1.19)
 1.00 (ref)
 0.97 (0.63–1.48)
 1.14 (0.74–1.74)
 0.97 (0.62–1.51)
 1.25 (0.79–1.98)
 0.21
  
Ever smokersd
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 0.01
 N cases 257 44 51 55 50 57    
 HR (95% CI)c
 0.90 (0.78–1.03)
 1.00 (ref)
 1.02 (0.64–1.63)
 1.00 (0.62–1.62)
 0.80 (0.48–1.34)
 0.70 (0.41–1.19)
 0.09
  
OC use
Non-OC users
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 N cases 347 65 56 65 58 103    
 HR (95% CI)e
 1.10 (0.99–1.23)
 1.00 (ref)
 0.96 (0.64–1.45)
 1.09 (0.71–1.67)
 0.90 (0.57–1.42)
 1.40 (0.89–2.22)
 0.06
  
OC users
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 0.01
 N cases 273 39 54 59 63 58    
 HR (95% CI)e
 0.83 (0.71–0.95)
 1.00 (ref)
 0.97 (0.62–1.51)
 0.93 (0.59–1.47)
 0.79 (0.49–1.28)
 0.57 (0.34–0.96)
 0.01
  
Smoking status combined with OC use
Never smokers and non-OC users
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 N cases 203 35 29 36 35 68    
 HR (95% CI)f
 1.17 (1.02–1.34)
 1.00 (ref)
 1.03 (0.58–1.81)
 1.28 (0.72–2.27)
 1.12 (0.61–2.06)
 1.97 (1.08–3.62)
 0.01
  
Ever smokersd and non-OC users
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 N cases 134 26 25 27 21 35    
 HR (95% CI)f
 1.04 (0.86–1.26)
 1.00 (ref)
 0.99 (0.51–1.91)
 0.99 (0.50–1.98)
 0.76 (0.36–1.62)
 1.01 (0.47–2.19)
 0.98
  
Never smokers and OC users
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 0.01
 N cases 145 20 25 31 33 36    
 HR (95% CI)f
 0.89 (0.73–1.09)
 1.00 (ref)
 0.76 (0.40–1.45)
 0.83 (0.44–1.59)
 0.68 (0.35–1.35)
 0.59 (0.29–1.21)
 0.17
  
Ever smokersd and OC users
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 N cases 120 18 25 27 29 21    
 HR (95% CI)f
 0.75 (0.60–0.94)
 1.00 (ref)
 1.02 (0.52–1.99)
 1.00 (0.50–1.98)
 0.84 (0.41–1.72)
 0.45 (0.20–1.00)
 0.02
  
Alcohol intake
Never drinkers
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 N cases 103 28 19 13 17 26    
 HR (95% CI)b
 1.23 (1.02–1.47)
 1.00 (ref)
 0.76 (0.40–1.44)
 0.61 (0.29–1.28)
 0.93 (0.46–1.89)
 1.77 (0.86–3.64)
 0.07
  
Ever drinkers
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 0.01
 N cases 524 77 92 112 105 138    
 HR (95% CI)b
 0.93 (0.85–1.03)
 1.00 (ref)
 1.09 (0.77–1.54)
 1.19 (0.83–1.69)
 0.90 (0.61–1.31)
 0.91 (0.62–1.35)
 0.30
  
Body mass index
<25 kg m−2
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 N cases 256 43 48 62 53 50    
 HR (95% CI)g
 0.86 (0.74–1.00)
 1.00 (ref)
 0.88 (0.56–1.38)
 1.11 (0.71–1.73)
 0.78 (0.48–1.27)
 0.56 (0.33–0.96)
 0.02
  
⩾25 kg m−2
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 0.28
 N cases 371 62 63 63 69 114    
 HR (95% CI)g
 1.06 (0.95–1.18)
 1.00 (ref)
 1.12 (0.75–1.69)
 0.99 (0.64–1.52)
 0.92 (0.59–1.44)
 1.34 (0.85–2.10)
 0.12
  
Menopausal status
Premenopausal
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 N cases 120 28 25 26 24 17    
 HR (95% CI)h
 0.78 (0.62–0.99)
 1.00 (ref)
 0.89 (0.48–1.64)
 0.91 (0.49–1.71)
 0.78 (0.40–1.53)
 0.52 (0.24–1.13)
 0.09
  
Perimenopausal
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 0.01
 N cases 120 24 25 32 20 19    
 HR (95% CI)h
 0.88 (0.70–1.12)
 1.00 (ref)
 0.77 (0.41–1.43)
 0.91 (0.49–1.68)
 0.67 (0.33–1.36)
 0.59 (0.26–1.31)
 0.22
  
Postmenopausali
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 N cases 387 53 61 67 78 128    
 HR (95% CI)h 1.07 (0.96–1.18) 1.00 (ref) 1.24 (0.81–1.89) 1.25 (0.81–1.95) 1.09 (0.69–1.72) 1.39 (0.88–2.20) 0.17  

Abbreviations: BMI=body mass index; CI=confidence interval; EPIC=European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; HR=hazards ratio; HRT=hormonal replacement therapy; LRT=likelihood ratio test; OCs=oral contraceptives.

a

All LRT P-values for effect measure modification are based on the continuous acrylamide intake variable (per 10 μg per day).

b

Stratified by age at recruitment and centre. Adjusted for total energy intake (per 1000 kcal per day), BMI, smoking status, prevalent diabetes, OC use, HRT use, menopause status combined with age at menopause, parity, and age at menarche.

c

Stratified by age at recruitment and centre. Adjusted for total energy intake (per 1000 kcal per day), BMI, prevalent diabetes, OC use, HRT use, menopause status combined with age at menopause, parity, and age at menarche.

d

Ever smokers: former and current smokers.

e

Stratified by age at recruitment and centre. Adjusted for total energy intake (per 1000 kcal per day), BMI, smoking status, prevalent diabetes, HRT use, menopause status combined with age at menopause, parity, and age at menarche.

f

Stratified by age at recruitment and centre. Adjusted for total energy intake (per 1000 kcal per day), BMI, prevalent diabetes, HRT use, menopause status combined with age at menopause, parity, and age at menarche.

g

Stratified by age at recruitment and centre. Adjusted for total energy intake (per 1000 kcal per day), smoking status, prevalent diabetes, OC use, HRT use, menopause status combined with age at menopause, parity, and age at menarche.

h

Stratified by age at recruitment and centre. Adjusted for total energy intake (per 1000 kcal per day), BMI, smoking status, prevalent diabetes, OC use, HRT use, parity, and age at menarche.

i

Includes surgical menopause.