Figure 3.

The trade-off between adaptedness and adaptability. The figure shows the relative adaptedness and the relative adaptability of different mutational strategies in comparison to NM. Adaptedness is defined by the population mean fitness at MSB, (see the electronic supplementary material, appendix D). Adaptability is defined by the rate of complex adaptation, ν (equations (3.5)–(3.7)). CM increases the mutation rate of all individuals τ_CM-fold; SIM increases the mutation rate of stressed individuals τ_SIM-fold; mixed strategies (dashed line) increase the mutation rate of all individuals τ_CM-fold and of stressed individuals an additional τ_SIM-fold. SIM breaks off the adaptability–adaptedness trade-off of CM, increasing the adaptability without compromising the adaptedness of the population. Parameters (see table 1): N = 10⁶, U = 0.0004, β = 0.0002, s = 0.05, H = 2, . (Online version in colour.)