Table 1.

Model parameters and estimated values for E. coli.

symbol	name	estimate	references
s	selection coefficient	0.001–0.03	[57,58]
H	double mutant advantage	1–10	[58]
U	genomic deleterious mutation rate	0.0004–0.003	[59,60]
μ	site-specific mutation rate	U/5000	[58]
τ	fold increase in mutation rate	1–100	[18,61]
N	population size	105–1010	[62,63]