Table 1.

Analysis of factors associated with hepatic steatosis (≥33%) in 439 patients undergoing liver resection.

N = 439	Steatosis < 33% (n = 378)		Steatosis ≥ 33% (n = 61)		Univariate	Multivariate
	Median (range)	Count (%)	Median (range)	Count (%)	P value	Comparison	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
Age	65 (21–90)		65 (41–87)		0.622
Gender
Female		168 (44.4)		24 (39.3)	0.544
Male		210 (55.6)		37 (60.7)
Liver-directed chemotherapy
Yes		132 (34.9)		20 (32.8)	1.000
No		246 (65.1)		41 (67.2)
Preexisting chronic liver disease
Yes		6 (1.6)		3 (4.9)	0.228∗			0.869
No		372 (98.4)		58 (95.1)
Preoperative jaundice (≥50 micromoles/L)
Yes		5 (1.3)		0	0.800
No		373 (98.7)		61 (100)
Hypoalbuminaemia (<35 g/L)
Yes		15 (4.0)		1 (1.6)	0.602
No		360 (95.2)		59 (96.7)
Not recorded		3 (0.8)		1 (1.6)
Raised preoperative alkaline phosphatase
Yes		92 (24.3)		5 (8.2)	0.008∗		0.15 (0.05–0.46)	0.001∗∗
No		283 (74.9)		55 (90.2)
Not recorded		3 (0.8)		1 (1.6)
Raised preoperative transaminase
Yes		61 (16.1)		18 (29.5)	0.021∗		3.82 (1.85–7.89)	<0.001∗∗
No		308 (81.5)		42 (68.9)
Not recorded		9 (2.4)		1 (1.6)
Diabetic status
Nondiabetic		342 (90.5)		45 (73.8)	0.001∗	Diabetic versus nondiabetic	2.69 (1.18–6.13)	0.018∗∗
Non-insulin dependent		26 (6.9)		11 (18.0)
Insulin dependent		10 (2.6)		5 (8.2)		Insulin dependent versus non-insulin dependent	4.31 (1.09–16.98)	0.037∗∗
Body mass index (kg/m2)
<25		141 (37.3)		6 (10)	<0.001∗	<25 versus ≥25	2.97 (1.59–5.57)	0.001∗∗
25–29.9		153 (40.5)		27 (45.0)
≥30		81 (21.4)		27 (45.0)		25–29.9 versus ≥30		0.144
Not recorded		3 (0.8)		1 (1.6)

∗Significant at the level of 0.25 for univariate analysis and included in multivariate analysis.

∗∗Significant at the level of 0.05 for multivariate analysis.