Table 3.
Generalized linear regression models showing the effects of genes on markers of insulin resistance/sensitivity.
| Allele | Phenotype | Overall | No diabetes | Diabetes | P interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effects size (95% CI) | P | Effects size (95% CI) | P | Effects size (95% CI) | P | |||
| PPARG (rs3856806)T | Fasting glucose | −0.140 (−0.480 to 0.199) | 0.417 | 0.0002 (−0.112 to 0.112) | 0.996 | −0.606 (−1.934 to 0.722) | 0.372 | 0.092 |
| 2 h glucose | −0.114 (−0.494 to 0.266) | 0.557 | −0.098 (−0.341 to 0.144) | 0.426 | −0.147 (−2.826 to 2.533) | 0.915 | 0.847 | |
| HbA1c | −0.018 (−0179 to 0.143) | 0.826 | 0.034 (−0.031 to 0.099) | 0.303 | −0.211 (−0.829 to 0.407) | 0.504 | 0.164 | |
| Fasting insulin | −0.915 (−3.362 to 1.533) | 0.464 | 0.022 (−1.420 to 1.463) | 0.976 | −4.516 (−13.448 to 4.416) | 0.323 | 0.125 | |
| 2 h insulin | −1.716 (−11.818 to 8.386) | 0.739 | 0.408 (−9.473 to 10.289) | 0.936 | −20.212 (−62.232 to 21.807) | 0.348 | 0.190 | |
| Glucose/insulin | −0.488 (−1.905 to 0.929) | 0.500 | −0.083 (−1.258 to 1.091) | 0.890 | −1.743 (−6.271 to 2.785) | 0.451 | 0.334 | |
| HOMA-IR | −0.437 (−1.481 to 0.608) | 0.413 | 0.021 (−0.327 to 0.368) | 0.907 | −2.228 (−6.336 to 1.880) | 0.289 | 0.076 | |
| QUICKI | 0.001 (−0.006 to 0.009) | 0.738 | 0.0008 (−0.008 to 0.010) | 0.851 | 0.004 (−0.009 to 0.016) | 0.564 | 0.752 | |
| FIRI | −0.393 (−1.333 to 0.547) | 0.413 | 0.019 (−0.294 to 0.332) | 0.907 | −2.005 (−5.703 to 1.692) | 0.289 | 0.076 | |
Models are adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes. FIRI: fasting insulin resistance index; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; PPARG: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; QUICKI: the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index.