Table 4.

Particle rearrangements under tapping applying Kuno equation of melt dispersion of ibuprofen.

Powder formulation	(−)Kp×102 (mean±sd, n=5) (R2)	(−)Ka×102 (mean±sd, n=5) (R2)	(ρp−ρo)	(ρt−ρo)	(ρt−ρp)	ρp	Npk	Computed f=SSR/s2 (1st line) (2nd line)	p Value
Ibc	3.727±0.311 (0.959)	1.425±0.181(0.983)	0.019	0.103	0.084	0.449(±0.041)	25	(4.03) (1.52)	Insig
Ibsmp10	2.017±0.158 (0.996)	0.545±0.029(0.971)	0.103	0.150	0.047	0.640(±0.043)	45	(3.44) (2.08)	Insig
Ibsmd1	3.817±0.341 (0.962)	1.580±0.0133(0.974)	0.101	0.771	0.670	0.635(±0.052)	40–45	(3.93) (0.84)	Insig
Ibsmd2	4.772±0.456 (0.990)	1.463±0.152(0.980)	0.127	0.214	0.087	0.689(±0.059)	40–45	(3.45) (0.86)	Insig
Ibsmd5	3.793±0.326 (0.970)	2.333±0.203(0.955)	0.023	0.176	0.153	0.607(±0.045)	35	(5.79) (3.93)	Insig
Ibsmd10	5.012±0.269 (0.983)	2.107±0.231(0.985)	0.067	0.151	0.084	0.603(±0.058)	35	(4.16) (0.54)	Insig

Critical value f_0.05 (1, n−2) is more than 224; Insig=insignificant; K_p and K_a are the constants that give a measure of the rate of packing during primary rearrangement and the rate of packing during secondary rearrangement, respectively, where (ρ_p−ρ_o) indicates density difference due to primary rearrangements of fine discrete particles, (ρ_t−ρ_p) is the density difference due to agglomerate formation only after achieving primary rearrangement, (ρ_t−ρ_o) describes the density difference for total rearrangement phenomena that is the maximal compaction achieved after primary rearrangement of discrete particles and agglomerate formation altogether, ρ_p is the apparent density of powder column that describes the extent of primary rearrangement of discrete particles, (all in g/ml), K_p and K_a are the constants measuring the rate of packing during primary rearrangement and the rate of packing during secondary rearrangement, respectively, and N_pk is the transitional tapping of primary rearrangement and secondary rearrangement or agglomerate formation as per the Kuno equation.