Rate of stroke from time of hospital admission for cardiac surgery to 2 years after surgery, by CHADS2 score. CHADS2 = acronym for congestive heart failure, hypertension, age > 75 yr, diabetes mellitus, and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack; 1 point is given for the presence of each of the first 4 conditions and 2 points for a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack.19