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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Immunol. 2014;122:1–57. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800267-4.00001-8

Figure 1.9.

Figure 1.9

AID as an indirect demethylase. The deaminase activity of AID can lead to demethylation through two potential pathways. In one, AID can deaminate methylated cytidines (5mC) to generate thymidine. In the other, AID can deaminate hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) that is generated by the oxidation of 5mC by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins. In both pathways, the mismatch is repaired by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and BER components. The end-product is the replacement of methylated cytidines with unmethylated cytidines.