Figure 5.

Phenotypic characteristics of deletion mutants under various stress conditions. Deletion strains as well as the wild-type strain were tested for their ability to growth on YPDA medium incubated at 13°C, 30°C, and 41°C, and YPDA medium supplemented with 4%, 6% and 8% ethanol (A), 4%, 5% and 6% lactic acid, and sulfuric acid (pH2.5, pH2.4 and pH2.3) (B),0.02% SDS, 80 mM acetic acid, 36 mM formic acid, 1.8 M NaCl, 150 mM CaCl₂,10 mM furfural,and 2.0 M sorbitol (C). For panel (A) and (B), each strain was plated in serial ten-fold dilutions from 2.5 × 10⁸ cells/ml to 2.5 × 10¹ cells/ml, from left to right, as indicated. For panel (C), 4μl from cell suspension with concentration of 2.5 × 10⁸ cells/ml was spotted on plate. Plates were incubated for 3 days. White and black boxes represent tolerant and sensitive phenotypes, respectively.