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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2014 Jun 19;15(9):925–933. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.06.002

Table 2.

Total and categorical costs of medical and nonmedical expenses.

Costs $ (% of total costs) Costs $ (% of total costs)
Total costs 1,756,282 (100)
Total direct medical costs (health care services) 1,194,911 (68)
Physician 327,088 (18.6)
Mental health 86,160 (4.9)
Physical and occupational therapy 101,663 (5.8)
Complementary and alternative medicine 51,686 (2.9)
Other providers 3,273 (0.2)
Community services 66,345 (3.8)
Diagnostic tests 58,409 (3.3)
Medications 69,772 (4)
Emergency department 192,808 (11)
Hospital inpatient costs 237,709 (13.5)
Total direct nonmedical costs (out-of-pocket costs) 159,083 (9.1)
Transportation 75,670 (4.3)
Other 83,413 (4.8)
Total productivity losses 402,289 (22.9)
Time off work 104,692 (6)
Leisure time lost 297,597 (17)