Table 1.
Subject characteristics of OPUS and OPEL
| Description | OPEL | OPUS | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 365) | (n = 528) | ||
| Age, mean ± SD | 75.04 ± 6.07 | 77.14 ± 7.04 | <0.001 |
| Sex (% female), mean ± SD | 59.18 ± 0.49 | 52.20 ± 0.50 | 0.036 |
| Education (years), mean ± SD | 17.50 ± 2.97 | 17.00 ± 2.95 | 0.013 |
| Grip strength (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 12.64 ± 11.21 | 12.45 ± 11.58 | 0.810 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 27.72 ± 6.03 | 27.60 ± 4.55 | 0.753 |
| Summary illness index, mean ± SD | 1.19 ± 1.05 | 1.45 ± 1.09 | 0.001 |
| Depression, n (%) | 68 (20) | 96 (21) | 0.709 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 26 (8) | 52 (11) | 0.079 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 3 (1) | 8 (2) | 0.296 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 132 (43) | 224 (52) | 0.015 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 15 (4) | 34 (7) | 0.075 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 5 (1) | 26 (6) | 0.002 |
| Parkinson’s disease, n (%) | 3 (1) | 8 (2) | 0.298 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease, n (%) | 13 (4) | 17 (4) | 0.943 |
| Arthritis, n (%) | 141 (43) | 191 (45) | 0.696 |
| aFrailty (%) | 11.43 | 12.50 | 0.793 |
aMeets Cardiovascular Health Study criteria for frailty (3 or more out of 5 features) (Fried et al. 2001)