Table 1.

Details of the five kinematics optimisation methods simulated. The scaling methods used are also described. Note that the PCC and FCC methods have been described in detail in Section 2.3; the other three methods are variations of these. ‘Correction factor’ refers to the optimisation-based thorax scaling method described in Section 2.2. ‘Homogeneous scaling based on height’ refers to scaling of the STGP ellipse according to Eq. (1). ‘Segment homogeneous’ refers to homogeneous scaling of each segment individually, as described in Section 2.2.

	PCC	PCC with a fixed conoid length	PCC with no STGP correction factor	FCC	FCC with no conoid length constraint
Abbreviation used	PCC	PCC with con	PCC no cf	FCC	FCC no con
STGP ellipse scaling	Scaling correction factor used	Scaling correction factor used	Homogeneous scaling based on height	No scaling	No scaling
Other scaling	Segment homogeneous	Segment homogeneous	Segment homogeneous	No scaling	No scaling
TS and AI constraint	Not penetrating STGP ellipse	Not penetrating STGP ellipse	Not penetrating STGP ellipse	Fixed distance from STGP ellipse	Fixed distance from STGP ellipse
Conoid constraint	No constraint	Fixed length	No constraint	Fixed length	No constraint