Table 3. Numerical values of the parameters used in the simulations.

parameter	symbol	value
particle material density		2500 kg/m3
Young's modulus	Y	63 GPa
Poisson's ratio	ν	0.24
Coulomb's friction coefficient	μ	0.50
surface energy density	γ	0.05 J/m2
Hamaker constant	AH	10−19 J