Table 3.
Multivariable adjusted risk ratios of five-year mortality by pre-diagnosis lifestyle risk factors among rectal cancer cases
| All-cause Mortality | Colorectal Cancer Mortality | CVD Mortality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths (n) | RR* | 95% CI | Deaths (n) | RR* | 95% CI | Deaths (n) | RR* | 95% CI | |
| Healthy Eating Index | |||||||||
| Quintile 1 (21.8–56.7) | 122 | 1.00 | 83 | 1.00 | 8 | 1.00 | |||
| Quintile 2 (56.8–65.2) | 102 | 0.87 | (0.66–1.15) | 71 | 0.89 | (0.64–1.26) | 11 | 1.37 | (0.53–3.54) |
| Quintile 3 (65.3–71.4) | 98 | 0.96 | (0.71–1.30) | 64 | 0.94 | (0.65–1.37) | 10 | 0.92 | (0.32–2.64) |
| Quintile 4 (71.5–76.9) | 75 | 0.93 | (0.67–1.29) | 42 | 0.81 | (0.53–1.23) | 12 | 1.67 | (0.62–4.45) |
| Quintile 5 (77.0–90.2) | 57 | 0.60 | (0.42–0.86) | 41 | 0.64 | (0.41–0.99) | 2 | 0.28 | (0.06–1.43) |
| p-for-trend | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.65 | ||||||
| Body Mass Index (m/kg2) | |||||||||
| Normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9) | 147 | 1.00 | 92 | 1.00 | 16 | 1.00 | |||
| Overweight (BMI 25–29.9) | 198 | 0.85 | (0.68–1.07) | 135 | 0.92 | (0.70–1.22) | 17 | 0.78 | (0.38–1.61) |
| Obese (BMI≥30) | 109 | 1.00 | (0.77–1.30) | 74 | 1.04 | (0.75–1.44) | 10 | 0.97 | (0.42–2.25) |
| p-for-trend | 0.86 | 0.57 | 0.98 | ||||||
| Physical Activity | |||||||||
| Never or rarely | 92 | 1.00 | 59 | 1.00 | 8 | 1.00 | |||
| 1–3 times per month | 72 | 1.08 | (0.78–1.48) | 53 | 1.23 | (0.84–1.80) | 6 | 0.98 | (0.31–3.07) |
| 1–2 times per week | 99 | 0.87 | (0.65–1.16) | 70 | 0.92 | (0.64–1.31) | 10 | 1.08 | (0.41–2.87) |
| 3–4 times per week | 112 | 1.01 | (0.76–1.35) | 69 | 0.95 | (0.66–1.37) | 12 | 1.17 | (0.46–3.00) |
| 5 or more times per week | 79 | 0.84 | (0.61–1.15) | 50 | 0.78 | (0.53–1.15) | 7 | 0.95 | (0.33–2.77) |
| p-for-trend | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.78 | ||||||
| Alcohol | |||||||||
| Nondrinker | 93 | 1.00 | 67 | 1.00 | 6 | 1.00 | |||
| Moderate drinker† | 246 | 0.96 | (0.75–1.23) | 154 | 0.84 | (0.62–1.14) | 30 | 1.40 | (0.56–3.49) |
| Heavier drinker | 115 | 1.03 | (0.76–1.41) | 80 | 0.97 | (0.66–1.41) | 7 | 0.95 | (0.30–3.01) |
| p-for-trend | 0.69 | 0.90 | 0.80 | ||||||
| Smoking | |||||||||
| Never smoked | 105 | 1.00 | 74 | 1.00 | 8 | 1.00 | |||
| Quit 10 or more years ago | 195 | 1.23 | (0.96–1.58) | 130 | 1.28 | (0.94–1.75) | 15 | 1.01 | (0.41–2.47) |
| Quit 9 years ago or less | 82 | 1.38 | (1.02–1.87) | 53 | 1.29 | (0.89–1.87) | 11 | 2.74 | (1.07–7.03) |
| Current smoker | 72 | 1.34 | (0.97–1.86) | 44 | 1.11 | (0.74–1.68) | 9 | 2.63 | (0.95–7.31) |
| p-for-trend | 0.04 | 0.57 | 0.007 | ||||||
*
RRs estimated with Cox proportional hazards model with age as time metric and adjusted for lag time, sex, education, family history of colon cancer, cancer stage, first course of treatment (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy), and also mutually adjusted for quintiles of HEI-2005 scores, BMI, physical activity, alcohol, and smoking history.
†
≤2 drinks/ day for men and ≤1 drink/day for women