Table 1.
Baseline Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients With HF With Systolic Dysfunction With and Without Anemia at Baseline and Discharge
| Baseline Anemia Status
|
P Value | By Discharge Anemia Status in Patients Anemic at Baseline |
P Value | By Discharge Anemia Status in Entire Cohort |
P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anemia (n=1277) |
No Anemia (n=2454) |
Persistent Anemia (n=851) |
Resolved Anemia (n=308) |
Anemia (n=979) | No Anemia (n=2474) |
||||
| Age, y | 70 (62–77) | 65 (56–73) | <0.001 | 70 (62–77) | 68 (62–75) | 0.012 | 70 (62–77) | 65 (57–73) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 78% | 73% | <0.01 | 79% | 77% | 0.39 | 78% | 74% | 0.003 |
| NYHA class IV | 43% | 38% | 0.01 | 43% | 44% | 0.68 | 42% | 39% | 0.13 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 28 (20–35) | 29 (20–35) | 0.52 | 28 (20–35) | 29 (20–35) | 0.75 | 28 (20–35) | 29 (20–35) | 0.72 |
| Previous HF hospitalization | 82% | 78% | <0.01 | 84% | 78% | 0.022 | 83% | 77% | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 77% | 67% | <0.001 | 79% | 72% | 0.016 | 79% | 67% | <0.001 |
| Previous MI | 59% | 47% | <0.001 | 62% | 51% | 0.001 | 61% | 47% | <0.001 |
| Previous PCI | 25% | 14% | <0.001 | 28% | 18% | <0.001 | 28% | 14% | <0.001 |
| Previous coronary bypass | 33% | 14% | <0.001 | 36% | 25% | 0.001 | 35% | 15% | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 73% | 70% | 0.08 | 72% | 74% | 0.53 | 73% | 70% | 0.103 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 56% | 45% | <0.001 | 59% | 45% | <0.001 | 59% | 44% | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 47% | 34% | <0.001 | 49% | 40% | 0.010 | 49% | 34% | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 42% | 18% | <0.001 | 47% | 26% | <0.001 | 45% | 19% | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 27% | 18% | <0.001 | 28% | 22% | 0.069 | 28% | 18% | <0.001 |
| COPD | 13% | 8% | <0.001 | 15% | 9% | 0.011 | 14% | 8% | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 81 (70–94) | 81 (71–96) | 0.15 | 80 (70–94) | 80 (70–91) | 0.34 | 81 (69–94) | 81 (71–95) | 0.25 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 116 (102–130) | 120 (108–135) | <0.001 | 115 (102–130) | 120 (105–130) | 0.011 | 115 (102–130) | 120 (108–135) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 78 (68–86) | 79 (70–90) | <0.01 | 77 (68–86) | 78 (68–88) | 0.76 | 76 (68–86) | 79 (70–90) | 0.001 |
| JVD ≥10 cm | 32% | 25% | <0.001 | 31% | 35% | 0.25 | 30% | 26% | 0.011 |
| Rales | 82% | 82% | 0.87 | 82% | 81% | 0.55 | 82% | 82% | 0.81 |
| Peripheral edema | 81% | 80% | 0.74 | 82% | 79% | 0.38 | 81% | 80% | 0.63 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.5 (10.7–12.2) | 14.4 (13.5–15.3) | <0.001 | 11.3 (10.4–11.9) | 12.2 (11.7–12.7) | <0.001 | 11.5 (10.5–12.2) | 14.3 (13.2–15.2) | <0.001 |
| White blood cell count, ×109 | 6.9 (5.6–8.6) | 7.3 (6.1–8.7) | <0.001 | 6.9 (5.8–8.6) | 6.8 (5.6–8.1) | 0.28 | 6.9 (5.6–8.7) | 7.2 (6.0–8.6) | 0.018 |
| Serum BUN, mg/dL | 31 (22–45) | 24 (18–31) | <0.001 | 32 (24–46) | 26 (19–36) | <0.001 | 32 (24–46) | 24 (19–32) | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 1.2 (1–1.5) | <0.001 | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | <0.001 | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | <0.001 |
| Serum sodium, mg/dL | 139 (137–142) | 140 (137–143) | <0.001 | 139 (137–142) | 140 (138–142) | 0.001 | 139 (137–142) | 140 (137–143) | <0.001 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 6136 (3113–12 843) | 3909 (1668–7939) | <0.001 | 6878 (3419–13 028) | 4675 (2473–10 236) | 0.005 | 6695 (3378–12 888) | 3909 (1692–7819) | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.5 (3.2–3.9) | 3.9 (3.6–4.2) | <0.001 | 3.5 (3.2–3.8) | 3.6 (3.3–3.9) | 0.005 | 3.6 (3.2–3.9) | 3.9 (3.5–4.2) | <0.001 |
| QRS duration, ms | 126 (102–154) | 121 (96–148) | <0.001 | 127 (102–155) | 123 (97–149) | 0.050 | 126 (101–155) | 121 (96–148) | <0.001 |
| ICD | 22% | 11% | <0.001 | 24% | 13% | <0.001 | 23% | 10% | <0.001 |
| Baseline medication use | |||||||||
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs | 81% | 87% | <0.001 | 80% | 86% | 0.014 | 80% | 87% | <0.001 |
| β-Blockers | 71% | 71% | 0.99 | 71% | 71% | 0.92 | 72% | 70% | 0.31 |
| Aldosterone-blocking agents | 48% | 59% | <0.001 | 47% | 57% | 0.002 | 47% | 61% | <0.001 |
| Diuretic | 97% | 98% | 0.74 | 98% | 96% | 0.25 | 97% | 98% | 0.59 |
| Amiodarone | 20% | 17% | 0.01 | 20% | 18% | 0.34 | 20% | 17% | 0.037 |
| Digoxin | 44% | 51% | <0.001 | 42% | 49% | 0.050 | 42% | 51% | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 10% | 11% | 0.33 | 10% | 10% | 0.87 | 11% | 11% | 0.65 |
| Statin | 43% | 29% | <0.001 | 45% | 37% | 0.014 | 45% | 30% | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 58% | 56% | 0.24 | 57% | 60% | 0.27 | 57% | 56% | 0.67 |
| Clopidogrel | 12% | 5% | <0.001 | 13% | 10% | 0.19 | 14% | 6% | <0.001 |
| Coumadin | 39% | 34% | 0.01 | 39% | 37% | 0.48 | 37% | 35% | 0.14 |
Data expressed as percentage or median (interquartile range). ACE indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; JVD, jugular venous distension; MI, myocardial infarction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-BNP; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.