Table 1.
Distributions of select characteristics of study participants in relation to smoking status at enrollment in the NIH–AARP Diet and Health Study, 1995–2006
| Smoking status
|
pa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never (n = 49,768) n (%) |
Former (n = 41,824) n (%) |
Current (n = 18,712) n (%) |
||
| Age, years | <0.0001 | |||
| <55 | 7,645 (15.4) | 6,321 (15.1) | 3,557 (19.0) | |
| 55–59 | 11,560 (23.2) | 9,566 (22.9) | 4,669 (24.9) | |
| 60–64 | 13,274 (26.7) | 11,528 (27.6) | 5,164 (27.6) | |
| 65–69 | 15,490 (31.1) | 12,990 (31.1) | 4,849 (25.9) | |
| ≥70 | 1,799 (3.6) | 1,419 (3.4) | 473 (2.5) | |
| Race | <0.0001 | |||
| White | 44,325 (89.1) | 38,613 (92.3) | 17,104 (91.4) | |
| Non-white | 5,443 (10.9) | 3,211 (7.7) | 1,608 (8.6) | |
| Age at menarche | 0.0003 | |||
| ≤12 | 23,581 (47.4) | 19,675 (47.0) | 8,931 (47.7) | |
| 13–14 | 21,218 (42.6) | 18,188 (43.5) | 7,821 (41.8) | |
| ≥15 | 4,804 (9.6) | 3,846 (9.2) | 1,911 (10.2) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | <0.0001 | |||
| Normal (<25) | 21,940 (44.1) | 17,869 (42.7) | 10,016 (53.5) | |
| Overweight (25–29.99) | 15,309 (30.8) | 13,320 (31.8) | 5,263 (28.1) | |
| Obese (≥30) | 10,861 (21.8) | 9,580 (22.9) | 2,771 (14.8) | |
| Parity | 0.0001 | |||
| Nulliparous | 8,927 (17.9) | 7,200 (17.2) | 3,225 (17.2) | |
| 1–2 | 18,103 (36.4) | 15,737 (37.6) | 7,042 (37.6) | |
| ≥3 | 22,534 (45.3) | 18,758 (44.8) | 8,382 (44.8) | |
| Oral contraceptive use | <0.0001 | |||
| Never | 30,891 (62.1) | 23,601 (56.4) | 10,444 (55.8) | |
| Ever | 18,525 (37.2) | 17,998 (43.0) | 8,137 (43.4) | |
| Menopausal status | <0.0001 | |||
| Premenopausal | 3,357 (6.7) | 2,678 (6.4) | 919 (4.9) | |
| Postmenopausal | 44,528 (89.5) | 37,530 (89.7) | 17,279 (92.3) | |
| Age at menopauseb | <0.0001 | |||
| <45 | 4,340 (8.7) | 4,528 (10.8) | 2,907 (15.5) | |
| 45–49 | 11,291 (22.7) | 10,760 (25.7) | 5,948 (31.8) | |
| 50–54 | 23,151 (46.5) | 18.214 (43.5) | 7,275 (38.9) | |
| ≥55 | 5,746 (11.5) | 4,028 (9.6) | 1,149 (6.1) | |
| Menopausal hormone use (Baseline assessment) | <0.0001 | |||
| Never | 30,372 (61.0) | 23,341 (55.8) | 12,396 (66.2) | |
| Current | 15,646 (31.4) | 14,892 (35.6) | 5,029 (26.9) | |
| Former | 3,677 (7.4) | 3,521 (8.4) | 1,266 (6.8) | |
| Menopausal hormone use (Risk factor assessment) | <0.0001 | |||
| Never | 17,027 (53.0) | 13,114 (47.6) | 6,443 (57.6) | |
| Estrogen only | 2,044 (6.4) | 1,850 (6.7) | 937 (8.4) | |
| Sequential estrogen plus progestin | 4,274 (13.3) | 4,177 (15.2) | 1,200 (10.7) | |
| Continuous estrogen plus progestin | 6,778 (21.1) | 6,530 (23.7) | 1,992 (17.8) | |
| Unknown regimen | 848 (2.6) | 878 (3.2) | 279 (2.5) | |
| History of diabetes | <0.0001 | |||
| No | 46,466 (93.4) | 38,942 (93.1) | 17,659 (94.4) | |
| Yes | 3,302 (6.6) | 2,882 (6.9) | 1,053 (5.6) | |
| Physical activity | <0.0001 | |||
| Never/rarely | 10,089 (20.3) | 5,260 (19.7) | 5,609 (30.0) | |
| 1–3 times/month | 6,834 (13.7) | 5,672 (13.6) | 3,291 (17.6) | |
| 1–2 times/week | 10,656 (21.4) | 8,568 (20.5) | 4,008 (21.4) | |
| 3–4 times/week | 12,965 (26.0) | 11,227 (26.8) | 3,548 (19.0) | |
| 5+ times/week | 8,658 (17.4) | 7,754 (18.5) | 2,054 (11.0) | |
a
Chi-squared p value
b
Among postmenopausal women