Fig. 4.

Activity of Sanguisorba officinalis extract (SOE) against non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutant pseudovirus and a protease-inhibitor resistant strain. (A) Serially diluted SOE was added to GHOST-CCR5 and GHOST-CXCR4 infected with NNRTI mutant pseudoviruses (K103N, Y188L and K103N/Y188L/G190A) and a protease-inhibitor resistant strain (PI-2840), respectively. (B) Nevirapine (NVP) was included as control. All NNRTI mutant constructs were generated based on a molecular clone backbone, pNL4-3LucEnvVpr. The PI-2840 strain (resistant to multiple anti-HIV protease drugs) carries L10R, M46I, L63P, V82T, and I84V. The luciferase level was measured 2 days postinfection. All results are means ± standard errors of the means from three independent experiments.