Table 1.

Play coding scheme

Play levels	Description	Kappa
Exploratory play
1. Unitary functional activity	Production of effects that were unique to a single object (e.g., dialing a telephone)	.77
2. Inappropriate combinatorial activity	Inappropriate juxtaposition of two or more objects (e.g., putting the ball on the telephone)	.79
3. Appropriate combinatorial activity	Appropriate juxtaposition of two or more objects (e.g., putting the handset on the telephone base)	.82
4. Transitional play	Approximated pretense but without confirmatory evidence (e.g., putting the telephone handset to ear without vocalization)	.75
Symbolic play
5. Self-directed pretense	Pretense activity directed toward self (drinking from an empty cup)	.80
6. Other-directed pretense	Pretense activity directed towards someone or something else (e.g., putting a doll to sleep)	.81
7. Sequential pretense	Linking two or more pretense actions (e.g., pouring into an empty cup from the teapot and then drinking)	.82
8. Substitution pretense	One or more object substitutions (e.g., pretending a cup is a telephone and talking into it)	.79
Default	Not engaged in any of the above behaviors