Table 1.
Participant characteristics and induction outcomes by Primary PO Used
| Participant characteristics | ER Oxycodone n = 219 |
IR Oxycodone n = 107 |
Methadone n = 41 |
Hydrocodone n = 202 |
χ2/F | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | ||||||
| Female, (%) | 42.9 | 36.4 | 48.8 | 42.3 | 2.321 | .508 |
| Age, mean yrs | 34.1 (SD 11.2) | 32.7 (SD 9.6) | 32.8 (SD 10.0) | 33.1 (SD 9.7) | 0.430 | .731 |
| White race, (%) | 89.5 | 81.3 | 80.5 | 87.1 | 5.458 | .141 |
| Education, mean yrs | 13.2 (SD 2.2) | 13.0 (SD 2.1) | 12.8 (SD 2.3) | 13.1 (SD 2.4) | 0.231 | .875 |
| Never married, (%) | 47.9 | 51.1 | 43.8 | 50.6 | 0.769 | .857 |
| Employed full-time, (%) | 50.7 | 60.7 | 46.3 | 57.9 | 5.004 | .171 |
| Smoker at baseline (%)† N = 497 | 140 (73.7) | 71 (76.3) | 23(67.6) | 127(70.6) | 1.566 | .667 |
| Ever used heroin, (%) | 32.9 | 26.2 | 26.8 | 16.3 | 15.330 | .002 |
| Length of opioid use, n(%) | 14.172 | 0.116 | ||||
| < 1yr | 24(11) | 8(8) | 2(5) | 17(8) | ||
| 1yr – < 2yrs | 44(20) | 14(13) | 7(17) | 27(13) | ||
| 2yrs – <4 yrs | 65(30) | 33(31) | 6(15) | 59(30) | ||
| 4 years or longer | 86(39) | 51(48) | 26(63) | 99(49) | ||
| Past year substance dependence, ‡‡ | ||||||
| Alcohol | 15 (7.1%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (8.1%) | 5(2.6%) | ||
| Marijuana | 9 (4.2%) | 4 (4%) | 3 (8.1%) | 8 (4.1%) | ||
| Stimulant | 5(2.4%) | 1(1.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 2 (1.0%) | ||
| Sedatives | 16(7.5%) | 7(7.0%) | 4(10.8%) | 8(4.1%) | ||
| Cocaine | 9(4.2%) | 3(3.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 7(3.6%) | ||
| Prior opioid dependence treatment, % | 35.6 | 31.8 | 46.3 | 26.2 | 8.201 | .042 |
| Rated Health as good to excellent†† | 142 (75.1%) | 69 (75%) | 28(82.4%) | 141(78.3%) | 1.287 | .732 |
| Chronic pain at screening‡ n | 98 (47.1%) | 40(41.2%) | 19(55.9%) | 80(42.1%) | 3.195 | 0.362 |
| Mean BPI Severity (sd)* | 3.2 (SD2.5) | 2.8 (SD2.8) | 2.9 (SD2.7) | 3.0 (SD2.5) | 0.603 | 0.613 |
| Mean BPI Interference with general activities (sd)* | 3.3 (SD2.9) | 2.9 (SD3.0) | 2.6 (SD2.9) | 2.8 (SD2.8) | 0.964 | 0.409 |
| Mean Depression (BDI) (sd) | 23.5 (SD12.5) | 20.1 (SD11.4) | 22.9 (SD11.1) | 22.4 (SD12.0) | 1.687 | 0.169 |
| Induction Outcomes | ||||||
| Mean pre-dose COWS Score | 12.7 (SD3.5) | 12.4 (SD3.5) | 13.0 (SD3.6) | 12.7 (SD3.5) | 0.301 | .825 |
| Mean post-dose COWS Score | 5.3 (SD3.9) | 5.8 (SD3.9) | 5.6 (SD4.8) | 5.9 (SD4.1) | 0.833 | .476 |
| Mean reduction in COWS post dose | 7.37 (SD4.7) | 6.6 (SD5.4) | 7.4 (SD5.7) | 6.8 (SD5.1) | 0.845 | .470 |
| Increase COWS post dose | 8 (3.7%) | 11 (10.3%) | 3 (7.3%) | 10 (5%) | 6.368 | .095 |
*
Only completed for participants who reported pain at screening
†
n = 497
††
n = 495
‡
n = 529
‡‡
n = 543, χ2 not reported as >25% of cells had <5 or one cell had value of 0