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. 2014 Jul 24;8(4):1065–1074. doi: 10.3892/etm.2014.1862

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Copyright © 2014, Spandidos Publications

This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited.

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Effects of SM on synovial histology and total score in the knee joints of rats following ACLT plus Mmx. Synovial histology was observed in ACLT plus MMx model and sham-operated rats at the end of a three- or six-week treatment period. Photomicrographs were captured at ×200 magnification of representative cartilage sections from one animal per group. Untreated ACLT plus Mmx model rats exhibited increased hypertrophy and infiltration of inflammatory cells in synovial tissue compared with sham rats. SM (2.5 g/kg) significantly inhibited cellular infiltration and the histological severity scores in rats following ACLT plus Mmx. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of samples from six rats per group. P-values are from the one-way analysis of variance. ^*P<0.05 and ^**P<0.01 compared with the model group; ^###P<0.001 compared with the sham group. SM, SianMiao formula; ACLT plus MMx, anterior cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscus resection.