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. 2014 Aug 4;45(4):1691–1698. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2579

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Copyright © 2014, Spandidos Publications

This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited.

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A diagram represents the model for the FOXO3-dependent anticancer function of auranofin. A schematic shows that auranofin inhibits IKK-β and leads to FOXO3 translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus to upregulate the expression of Bax and Bim pro-apoptotic proteins, as well as to downregulate of the expression of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein. In addition, auranofin induces the activation of caspase-3 protein in a FOXO3-dependent manner. As a result of this FOXO3-mediated apoptotic pathway, auranofin promotes cancer cell apoptosis.