| Higher postprandial response associated to visceral fat |
(Kuk et al., 2005) |
| Lower basal fat oxidation |
(Toth et al., 1998); (Nagy et al., 1996) |
| Lower epinephrine and norepinephrine during exercise |
(Horton et al., 1998) |
| Higher proportion of energy expended from fat during exercise |
(Horton et al., 1998) |
| Lower catecholamine mediated free fatty acid release in lower estimates |
(Guo et al., 1997) |
| Higher postprandial fat storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue |
(Romanski et al., 2000) |
| Higher blood flow and fat storage in lower body depots |
(Nguyen et al., 1996) |
| Lower chylomicron uptake in splancnic bed and hyperexpression of fatty acid transporter |
(Binnert et al., 2000) |
| Higher utilization of fat and lower utilization of carbohydrates during exercise |
(Carter et al., 2001) |
| Lower reactive nervous system, cardiovascular response, and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise |
(Davis et al., 2000) |
| Higher lipolitic and ketogenic response |
(Davis et al., 2000) |
| Lower fasting glucose levels and higher postload glucose |
(Poehlman et al., 1993) |
| Higher glucose uptake in specific sex organs a result of sex hormones regulation of the expression of specific glucose transporters (Glut-1), IGF-1, and EGF |
(Hart et al., 1998) |
| Lower large rental amino acids plasma concentration |
(Caballero et al., 1991) |
| Higher expression Na-coupled neutral amino acid transporter |
(Shennan et al., 2003; Shennan et al., 2004) |
| Higher protein turnover |
(Luiking et al., 2004) |
