TABLE 1—
Selected Demographic, Clinical, and Hospital Characteristics by Insurance Status for Children With Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs): Florida, 1998–2007
| Critical CHD |
Noncritical CHD |
||||||||||
| Total No. | Private, No. (%) | Public, No. (%) | Uninsured, No. (%) | Mix, No. (%) | Pa | Private, No. (%) | Public, No. (%) | Uninsured, No. (%) | Mix, No. (%) | Pa | |
| Total | 43 411 | 1492 (40.5) | 1706 (46.3) | 30 (0.8) | 455 (12.4) | 18 520 (46.6) | 17 508 (44.1) | 1399 (3.5) | 2301 (5.8) | ||
| Mother’s race/ethnicity | |||||||||||
| White | 18 624 | 1039 (52.7) | 714 (36.2) | 10 (0.5) | 207 (10.5) | 9801 (58.9) | 5591 (33.6) | 438 (2.6) | 824 (4.9) | ||
| Black | 10 858 | 166 (20.4) | 515 (63.3) | 8 (1.0) | 124 (15.3) | 2742 (27.3) | 6049 (60.2) | 453 (4.5) | 801 (8.0) | ||
| Hispanic | 12 603 | 234 (29.3) | 443 (55.4) | 11 (1.4) | 112 (14.0) | < .001 | 5223 (44.3) | 5508 (46.7) | 455 (3.9) | 617 (5.2) | < .001 |
| Other | 1176 | 49 (53.3) | 31 (33.7) | 1 (1.1) | 11 (12.0) | 683 (63.0) | 304 (28.0) | 47 (4.3) | 50 (4.6) | ||
| Unknown/missing | 150 | 4 (50.0) | 3 (37.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (12.5) | 71 (50.0) | 56 (39.4) | 6 (4.2) | 9 (6.3) | ||
| Maternal nativity | |||||||||||
| United States | 30 211 | 1182 (42.5) | 1267 (45.6) | 13 (0.5) | 318 (11.4) | 12 976 (47.3) | 12 140 (44.3) | 685 (2.5) | 1630 (5.9) | ||
| Foreign | 13 161 | 309 (34.4) | 436 (48.6) | 17 (1.9) | 136 (15.1) | < .001 | 5541 (45.2) | 5343 (43.6) | 711 (5.8) | 668 (5.4) | < .001 |
| Missing | 39 | 1 (20.0) | 3 (60.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (20.0) | 3 (8.8) | 25 (73.5) | 3 (8.8) | 3 (8.8) | ||
| Maternal age, y | |||||||||||
| < 24 | 14 708 | 215 (16.5) | 884 (67.7) | 13 (1.0) | 194 (14.9) | 2760 (20.6) | 9110 (68.0) | 510 (3.8) | 1022 (7.6) | ||
| 25–34 | 21 041 | 931 (52.7) | 642 (36.3) | 9 (0.5) | 185 (10.5) | < .001 | 11 106 (57.6) | 6554 (34.0) | 652 (3.4) | 962 5.0) | < .001 |
| ≥ 35 | 7662 | 346 (56.7) | 180 (29.5) | 8 (1.3) | 76 (12.5) | 4654 (66.0) | 1844 (26.1) | 237 (3.4) | 317 (4.5) | ||
| Maternal education | |||||||||||
| < 12 y | 8190 | 61 (7.7) | 613 (77.6) | 10 (1.3) | 106 (13.4) | 815 (11.0) | 5585 (75.5) | 406 (5.5) | 594 (8.0) | ||
| HS or GED | 14 743 | 358 (29.2) | 691 (56.4) | 11 (0.9) | 165 (13.5) | < .001 | 4467 (33.0) | 7579 (56.1) | 540 (4.0) | 932 (6.9) | < .001 |
| ≥ some college | 20 210 | 1069 (65.1) | 381 (23.2) | 9 (0.5) | 182 (11.1) | 13 159 (70.9) | 4207 (22.7) | 438 (2.4) | 765 (4.1) | ||
| Missing | 268 | 4 (14.8) | 21 (77.8) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.4) | 79 (32.8) | 137 (56.8) | 15 (6.2) | 10 (4.1) | ||
| Birth weight, g | |||||||||||
| < 1500 | 3633 | 53 (34.4) | 79 (51.3) | 2 (1.3) | 20 (13.0) | 1191 (34.2) | 1971 (56.7) | 51 (1.5) | 266 (7.6) | ||
| 1500–2499 | 5835 | 194 (34.4) | 306 (54.3) | 1 (0.2) | 63 (11.2) | .004 | 2175 (41.3) | 2539 (48.2) | 154 (2.9) | 403 (7.6) | < .001 |
| ≥ 2500 | 33 930 | 1244 (42.0) | 1321 (44.6) | 27 (0.9) | 372 (12.6) | 15 150 (48.9) | 12 993 (42.0) | 1194 (3.9) | 1629 (5.3) | ||
| Missing | 13 | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (33.3) | 5 (41.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| Additional defects | |||||||||||
| No | 40 694 | 1348 (41.4) | 1485 (45.6) | 28 (0.9) | 396 (12.2) | .02 | 17 713 (47.3) | 16 318 (43.6) | 1373 (3.7) | 2033 (5.4) | < .001 |
| Yes | 2717 | 144 (33.8) | 221 (51.9) | 2 (0.5) | 59 (13.8) | 807 (35.2) | 1190 (51.9) | 26 (1.1) | 268 (11.7) | ||
| Prenatal care | |||||||||||
| Inadequate | 2824 | 57 (15.1) | 255 (67.5) | 4 (1.1) | 62 (16.4) | 568 (23.2) | 1605 (65.6) | 101 (4.1) | 172 (7.0) | ||
| Adequate | 35 913 | 1345 (44.4) | 1299 (76.1) | 23 (76.7) | 360 (79.1) | < .001 | 16 809 (51.1) | 13 233 (40.2) | 1005 (3.1) | 1839 (5.6) | < .001 |
| Missing | 4674 | 90 (32.4) | 152 (54.7) | 3 (1.1) | 33 (11.9) | 1143 (26.0) | 2670 (60.7) | 293 (6.7) | 290 (6.6) | ||
| NICU levelb | |||||||||||
| I | 5023 | 120 (35.5) | 150 (44.4) | 3 (0.9) | 65 (19.2) | 1902 (40.6) | 2293 (48.9) | 180 (3.8) | 310 (6.6) | ||
| II | 11 007 | 195 (46.2) | 167 (39.6) | 6 (1.4) | 54 (12.8) | < .001 | 5751 (54.3) | 3959 (37.4) | 396 (3.7) | 479 (4.5) | < .001 |
| III | 27 318 | 1175 (40.3) | 1388 (47.6) | 21 (0.7) | 335 (11.5) | 10 844 (44.4) | 11 223 (46.0) | 820 (3.4) | 1512 (6.2) | ||
| Missing | 63 | 2 (50.0) | 1 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (25.0) | 23 (39.0) | 33 (55.9) | 3 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Note. GED = general equivalency diploma; HS = high school; NICU = neonatal intensive care unit.
a
χ2 test of homogeneity across strata (α = 0.05).
b
Level of neonatal care at the birth hospital.