TABLE 1—
Sociodemographic Characteristics and Reproductive History of the Study Population by Study Group: United States, University of California, San Francisco Turnaway Study, 2008–2010
| Characteristics | Total % | First Trimester Patients (F) (n = 273) % | P (F vs N) | Near-Limit Abortion Patients (N) (n = 452) % | Turnaways (T) (n = 231) % | P (N vs T) |
| Gestational age (mean d) | 163.1 | 77.2 | < .01 | 189.7 | 212.7 | < .01 |
| Sociodemographics | ||||||
| Age, y | ||||||
| 15–17a | 18.1 | 13.2 | Ref | 16.8 | 26.4 | Ref |
| 18–24 | 36.1 | 30.4 | .94 | 39.4 | 36.4 | .01 |
| 25–34 | 38.3 | 47.3 | .03 | 36.3 | 31.6 | .01 |
| 35–46 | 7.5 | 9.2 | .19 | 7.5 | 5.6 | .04 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 36.9 | 42.5 | Ref | 34.7 | 34.6 | Ref |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 29.4 | 29.3 | .1 | 29.4 | 29.4 | .67 |
| Hispanic/Latina | 21.0 | 20.5 | .15 | 20.4 | 22.9 | .37 |
| Multiracial/other | 12.7 | 7.7 | < .01 | 15.5 | 13.0 | .76 |
| Highest grade completed | ||||||
| ≤ high school | 19.6 | 15.8 | .73 | 19.0 | 25.1 | .09 |
| High school diploma or GED | 33.4 | 31.5 | Ref | 35.2 | 32.0 | Ref |
| Some college, vocational training | 39.3 | 41.4 | .36 | 39.2 | 37.2 | .82 |
| College degree | 7.7 | 11.4 | .03 | 6.6 | 5.6 | .84 |
| Poverty statusb | ||||||
| < 100% FPT | 33.6 | 29.7 | Ref | 35.8 | 33.8 | Ref |
| 100%–200% FPT | 21.8 | 25.3 | .1 | 21.5 | 18.2 | .66 |
| > 200% FPT | 12.7 | 20.9 | < .01 | 10.4 | 7.4 | .37 |
| Don’t know household income | 32.0 | 24.2 | .62 | 32.3 | 40.7 | .13 |
| Employed | ||||||
| Unemployed | 46.9 | 37.4 | Ref | 46.7 | 58.4 | Ref |
| Part or full time | 53.1 | 62.6 | .01 | 53.3 | 41.6 | < .01 |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| < high school | 15.1 | 20.5 | .04 | 12.6 | 13.4 | .9 |
| High school | 36.4 | 36.3 | Ref | 36.1 | 37.2 | Ref |
| Some/grad tech, or college | 18.0 | 13.9 | .15 | 19.2 | 20.3 | .91 |
| ≥ college grad | 22.1 | 24.2 | .67 | 21.9 | 19.9 | .58 |
| Don’t know | 8.5 | 5.1 | .04 | 10.2 | 9.1 | .63 |
| Insurance status (n = 953) | ||||||
| None | 28.8 | 28.9 | .31 | 29.6 | 26.8 | .86 |
| Medicaid | 43.8 | 39.2 | .12 | 43.7 | 49.4 | .2 |
| Private/other | 27.5 | 31.9 | Ref | 26.7 | 23.8 | Ref |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single, never married | 78.8 | 75.1 | Ref | 79.2 | 82.3 | Ref |
| Married | 9.1 | 11 | .18 | 8.0 | 9.1 | .77 |
| Separated, divorced, widowed | 12.1 | 13.9 | .61 | 12.8 | 8.7 | .11 |
| Reproductive history and intentions | ||||||
| Previous children (n = 954) | ||||||
| 0 | 40.9 | 40.8 | Ref | 37.5 | 47.6 | Ref |
| 1 | 27.4 | 24.6 | .13 | 30.4 | 24.7 | .02 |
| ≥ 2 | 31.8 | 34.6 | .93 | 32.2 | 27.7 | .04 |
| Previous abortions (before index abortion) (n = 955) | ||||||
| 0 | 54.3 | 53.7 | Ref | 53.3 | 57.1 | Ref |
| 1 | 27.3 | 25.4 | .5 | 29.0 | 26.4 | .38 |
| ≥ 2 | 18.3 | 21.0 | .39 | 17.7 | 16.5 | .51 |
| How difficult to make the decision | ||||||
| Very or somewhat difficult | 44.4 | 52.0 | .01 | 41.2 | 41.6 | .93 |
| Very or somewhat easy, not easy or difficult | 55.6 | 48.0 | 58.8 | 58.4 | ||
| Gestational age when discovered pregnancy (n = 954), wk | ||||||
| ≤ 10 | 65.9 | 99.3 | Ref | 57.6 | 42.6 | Ref |
| 11–20 | 24.9 | 0.7 | < .01 | 32.8 | 38.3 | .01 |
| > 20 | 9.1 | 0.0 | NA | 9.5 | 19.1 | < .01 |
Note. FPT = federal poverty threshold; GED = general equivalency diploma; NA = not applicable: P value could not be computed because of empty cell. The sample size was n = 956 unless indicated.
a
This age category includes 1 woman aged 14 years who was recruited early in the study before the minimum enrollment age was changed to 15 years.
b
The FPTs were defined by the US Census (2008–2010).