Table 5. Morphological changes in the canopy through the domestication from diploid to tetraploid, tetraploid to hexaploid and diploid to hexaploid of wheats.

Canopy morphology		Diploid old wheat	Tetraploid old wheat	Hexaploid modern wheat	Diploid to tetraploid	Tetraploid to hexaploid	Diploid to hexaploid
Spike length - plant height ratio		0.04±0.001	0.06±0.003	0.07±0.002	+	+	+
Location of leaf (cm)	Flag leaf	67.0±2.2	74.2±1.6	90.0±4.2	+	+	+
	Penultimate leaf	41.2±3.2	47.1±1.3	55.5±3.5	+	+	+
	Top 3rd leaf	25.0±1.8	28.3±1.1	33.3±1.6	+	+	+
	Top 4th leaf	12.6±3.8	14.7±3.1	16.0±2.6	0	0	0
Leaf sheath length-node length ratio	Flag leaf	0.37±0.01	0.47±0.02	0.49±0.02	+	0	+
	Penultimate leaf	0.47±0.01	0.76±0.04	0.60±0.03	+	−	+
	Top 3rd leaf	0.60±0.01	0.85±0.03	0.65±0.03	+	−	+
	Top 4th leaf	0.69±0.02	0.97±0.04	0.8±0.04	+	−	+
Internode length - plant height ratio	1st internode	0.04±0.004	0.04±0.003	0.07±0.006	0	+	+
	2nd internode	0.11±0.001	0.09±0.003	0.11±0.004	−	+	0
	3rd internode	0.14±0.003	0.14±0.01	0.17±0.007	0	+	+
	4th internode	0.21±0.01	0.19±0.005	0.22±0.01	−	+	0
	5th internode	0.38±0.01	0.41±0.02	0.33±0.03	+	−	−

+ represents a significant increase at P<0.01. − represents a significant decrease at P<0.01. 0 represents no change.

Note: The table involved large data, here we showed the final results for clarity and conciseness.