Table 6. Changes in the pattern of biomass distribution through the domestication from diploid to tetraploid, tetraploid to hexaploid and diploid to hexaploid for wheats.

Biomass distribution pattern		Diploid old wheat	Tetraploid old wheat	Hexaploid modern wheat	Diploid to tetraploid	Tetraploid to hexaploid	Diploid to hexaploid
Leaf dry weight (g)	Flag leaf	0.03±0.001	0.07±0002	0.07±0.003	+	0	+
	Penultimate Leaf	0.04±0.002	0.06±0.003	0.06±0.003	+	0	+
	Top 3rd leaf	0.02±0.002	0.04±0.002	0.04±0.002	+	0	+
	Top 4th leaf	0.02±0.001	0.03±0.002	0.3±0.002	+	0	+
Leaf sheath dry weight (g)	Flag leaf	0.06±0.004	0.19±0.01	0.18±0.02	+	0	+
	Penultimate leaf	0.05±0.003	0.12±0.009	0.12±0.01	+	0	+
	Top 3rd leaf	0.03±0.002	0.07±0.006	0.08±0.01	+	0	+
	Top 4th leaf	0.02±0.009	0.04±0.002	0.04±0.002	+	0	+
Internode dry weight (g)	1st internode	0.05±0.006	0.12±0.01	0.16±0.01	+	+	+
	2nd internode	0.09±0.005	0.22±0.02	0.30±0.03	+	+	+
	3rd internode	0.10±0.02	0.27±0.02	0.36±0.03	+	+	+
	4th internode	0.13±0.01	0.34±0.02	0.37±0.03	+	0	+
	5th internode	0.13±0.01	0.34±0.02	0.31±0.03	+	0	+
Total stem biomass (g)		0.52±0.04	1.3±0.2	1.5±0.3	+	0	+
Total leaf biomass (g)		0.11±0.02	0.21±0.03	0.23±0.04	+	0	+
Total leaf sheath biomass (g)		0.17±0.009	0.42±0.03	0.43±0.03	+	0	+
Total spike biomass (g)		0.71±0.02	1.10±0.04	1.72±0.03	+	+	+
Above-ground biomass (g)		1.51±0.01	3.02±0.03	3.88±0.04	+	+	+
Root biomass (g)		1.15±0.06	0.80±0.04	0.63±0.04	−	−	−
Total biomass (g)		2.65±0.08	3.83±0.7	4.52±0.62	+	0	+
Grain-leaf ratio (Grains/cm2)	Flag leaf	53.5±5.0	58.1±3.2	71.7±7.3	0	+	+
	Penultimate leaf	40.4±3.5	44.8±5.9	62.2±5.6	0	+	+
	Top 3rd leaf	56.9±4.5	55.6±4.1	76.9±4.2	0	+	+
	Total leaf	15.8±4.2	15.2±2.2	22.5±2.5	0	+	+
Spike-leaf ratio (g/cm2)	Flag leaf	79.4±6.9	48.2±4.8	91.3±8.3	−	+	+
	Penultimate leaf	60.5±4.9	50.3±4.3	79.4±3.9	−	+	+
	Top 3rd leaf	85.4±6.4	63.7±6.5	98.5±5.1	−	+	+
	Total leaf	23.7±1.8	17.3±1.6	28.8±2.4	−	+	+
Harvest index		0.23±0.01	0.30±0.02	0.40±0.01	+	+	+

+ represents a significant increase at P<0.01. − represents a significant decrease at P<0.01. 0 represents no remarkable change. Results of root biomass, stem biomass, and spike biomass were similar in 2009 and 2010, and average data are presented in the table.

Note: The table involved large data, here we showed the final results for clarity and conciseness.