Table 2. Results of the Multinomial HGLM Analyses Predicting Graduate and Professional School Intentions with All Covariates.
| STEM Graduate Intentions | Non-STEM Graduate Intentions |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| Coef. | S.E. | Sig. | Delta-P | Coef. | S.E. | Sig. | Delta-P | |
| Research Participation | ||||||||
| Participated in an undergraduate research program | 0.44 | 0.17 | ** | 9.04% | 0.08 | 0.17 | ||
| Background Characteristics and Pre-College Preparation | ||||||||
| Race: Native American | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.21 | ||||
| Race: Latino | 0.34 | 0.16 | * | 7.20% | 0.29 | 0.14 | * | 6.27% |
| Race: Black | 0.44 | 0.18 | * | 9.12% | 0.25 | 0.17 | ||
| Race: Asian American/Pacific Islander | 0.44 | 0.17 | * | 8.98% | 0.22 | 0.15 | ||
| Sex: Female | −0.13 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.14 | ||||
| Parental income | −0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||||
| Mother’s education | 0.08 | 0.04 | * | 1.63% | 0.06 | 0.03 | ||
| High school GPA | −0.02 | 0.05 | −0.04 | 0.05 | ||||
| Years of high school study in math | −0.15 | 0.12 | −0.18 | 0.11 | ||||
| Composite SAT scores (100) | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.05 | ||||
| Initial Aspirations and Dispositions | ||||||||
| Came to college to prepare for graduate/professional school |
0.47 | 0.11 | *** | 9.21% | 0.25 | 0.10 | ** | 5.27% |
| Degree aspiration in 2004: Ph.D. | 0.59 | 0.14 | *** | 12.05% | 0.42 | 0.14 | ** | 9.01% |
| Degree aspiration in 2004: M.D., D.O., D.D.O., D.V.M. | 0.68 | 0.15 | *** | 13.90% | 0.19 | 0.16 | ||
| Major in 2004: Life sciences | −0.24 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | ||||
| Major in 2004: Engineering/Computer Science | −0.87 | 0.24 | *** | −20.00% | 0.69 | 0.22 | ** | 14.43% |
| Major in 2004: Physical sciences | −0.28 | 0.25 | 0.71 | 0.28 | ** | 14.10% | ||
| Major in 2004: Health professions (excluding nursing) | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.22 | ||||
| Interactions with Peers and Faculty | ||||||||
| Frequency: Interacted with graduate students/TAs | 0.24 | 0.10 | * | 5.00% | 0.05 | 0.09 | ||
| Joined a pre-professional or departmental club | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.11 | ||||
| Hours per week spent studying | 0.10 | 0.04 | ** | 2.15% | 0.00 | 0.04 | ||
| Faculty mentorship construct | 0.18 | 0.07 | ** | 3.71% | 0.23 | 0.06 | *** | 5.01% |
| Academic major GPA | 0.17 | 0.04 | *** | 3.63% | 0.03 | 0.04 | ||
| STEM major in 2008 | 2.23 | 0.14 | *** | 48.51% | −1.07 | 0.13 | *** | −22.47% |
| Senior Year Dispositions | ||||||||
| Career focus: Working for social change | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.37 | 0.07 | *** | 7.70% | ||
| Career focus: Discovery/enhancement of knowledge | 0.27 | 0.07 | *** | 5.66% | −0.03 | 0.07 | ||
| End-Of-College Finances | ||||||||
| Total loans taken out for undergraduate education ($1,000) | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.00 | ** | −0.17% | ||
| Financial aid: Own resources | −0.02 | 0.04 | −0.05 | 0.03 | ||||
| Financial aid: Aid that does not need to be repaid | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | ||||
| Financial aid: Aid that must be repaid | −0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | ||||
| Institutional Characteristics | ||||||||
| Intercept | −4.11 | 0.76 | 0.84 | 0.64 | ||||
| Control: Private | 0.06 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.21 | ||||
| HBCU | 0.00 | 0.48 | 0.28 | 0.41 | ||||
| Selectivity (100) | 0.20 | 0.08 | ** | 4.26% | 0.14 | 0.08 | ||
| Percent White (10) | −0.04 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.03 | ||||
| Percent STEM (10) | −0.04 | 0.04 | −0.05 | 0.05 | ||||
| Undergraduate full-time equivalent (log) | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | ||||
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01
***
p < 0.001
Source: HGLM analysis of the 2004 CIRP Freshman Survey and 2008 College Senior Survey data. Delta-p statistics are calculated only for significant log odds coefficients.