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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2014 May 12;37(3):186–193. doi: 10.1037/prj0000072

Table 3.

Demographic and Recovery-related Differences between Mothers and Fathers

Variable of Interest Mothers (N = 59)
Frequency (%)
Fathers (N = 54)
Frequency (%)
Test of Significance (mothers vs. fathers)
Sex (Female)
Ever Married 38 (64.4%) 24 (44.4%) X2(1) = 4.54, p = .033
Employed 2 (3.4%) 4 (7.4%) X2(1) = .91, p = .341
Education
 Less than high school 24 (40.7%) 24 (44.4%) X2(2) = 1.31, p = .521
 High school or GED 20 (33.9%) 21 (38.9%)
 Some college or beyond 15 (25.4%) 9 (16.7%)
Living independently 40 (67.8%) 28 (51.9%) X2(1) = 2.99, p = .084
Race
 Black 31 (53.4%) 28 (51.9%) X2(2) = 2.19, p = .334
 White 24 (41.4%) 19 (35.2%)
 Other 3 (5.2%) 7 (13.0%)
Custody Status – retains some custody of minor children (N with minor children = 56) 9 (40.9%) 4 (11.8%) X2(1) = 6.37, p = .012
Mothers
Mean (SD)
Fathers
Mean (SD)
Test of Significance

Age 47.6 (8.6) 42.0 (11.3) t(99.1) = −2.98, p = .004
API Decision-making Subscale 2.5 (.8) 2.5 (.8) t(110) = .00, p = .998
API Information seeking Subscale 4.4 (.5) 4.3 (.6) t(110) = −.65, p = .518
HCRT 51.8 (9.7) 51.2 (8.0) t(110) = −.36, p = .720
State Hope Scale 16.7 (4.0) 17.9 (3.2) F(1, 108) = .97, p = .328
PAM 51.5 (9.9) 55.3 (12.8) F(1, 109) = 2.06, p = .154
RAS Total 156.2 (19.7) 160.9 (19.7) F(1, 108) = .15, p = .703

Note: API = Autonomy Preferences Index; HCRT = Health Care Relationship Trust Scale; PAM-MH = Patient Activation Measure, Mental Health version; RAS = Recovery Assessment Scale