. 2014 Jan 25;51(9):1724–1736. doi: 10.1007/s13197-014-1257-2

Table 4.

Effect of BGO nanoemulsion comprising ESA and sunflower oil fed diabetic rats at 20 % fat in diet on lipid peroxidation of plasma, erythrocyte membrane and liver tissue lipids

Group	Fat diet	Plasma lipid peroxidation (nmole of MDA/mL)	Erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation (nmole of MDA/mL)	Liver tissue lipid peroxidation (nmole of MDA/mL)
Control (non-diabetic)	SO	10.71 ± 0.414^#	6.64 ± 0.44^#	1.62 ± 0.34^#
Diabetic groups	SO	27.21 ± 0.35	15.23 ± 0.26	3.4 ± 0.62
	SO+ 0.5 % ESA NE^a	5.34 ± 0.25^*	3.26 ± 0.17^*	1.42 ± 0.81^*
	SO+ 0.25 % ESA NE^b	4.8 ± 0.33^*	2.83 ± 0.91^*	1.28 ± 0.33^*
	SO+ 0.5 % ESA CE^c	5.2 ± 0.32^*	4.23 ± 0.42^*	1.73 ± 0.63^*
	SO+ 0.25 % ESA CE^d	6.12 ± 0.27^*	4.4 ± 0.31^*	2.5 ± 0.24^*
[MDA] comparison among diet groups		ALX(SO)>CON(SO)>0.25 % ESA CE>0.5 % ESA NE>0.5 % ESA CE >0.25 % ESA NE

Values are mean ± SEM, n = 6

(ALX-D) treated diabetic group fed with sunflower oil

SO sunflower oil; BGO bitter gourd oil; ESA α-eleostearic acid; NE nanoemulsion

*Marked results show mean values for the BGO NE treated experimental groups that are statistically different (p < 0.05) than the alloxan (ALX-D) treated diabetic group fed with sunflower oil diet.

#Marked results show mean values for the non diabetic control group that are statistically different (p < 0.05) than the alloxan

^a0.5 % ESA NE is present in 1 % BGO NE; ^b0.25 % ESA NE is present in 0.5 % BGO NE; ^c0.5 % ESA CE is present in 1 % BGO CE; ^d0.25 % ESA CE is present in 0.5 % ESA CE