Table 2.
Immunohistochemistry results for VEGF and HIF-1α expression level
| Groups | P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 6) | 1-week (n = 6) | 2-weeks (n = 6) | 3-weeks (n = 6) | 90-days (n = 6) | |||
| VEGF expression level in occipital cortex* | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | <0.001 |
| ± | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | ||
| + | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| ++ | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| VEGF expression level in vessels in pia mater* | - | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | <0.001 |
| ± | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | ||
| + | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| ++ | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| VEGF expression level in superior sagittal sinus† | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.004 |
| ± | 5 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||
| + | 0 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 5 | ||
| ++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| VEGF expression level in vessels in dura mater | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.002 |
| ± | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| + | 0 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | ||
| ++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| HIF-1α expression level in cortex of occipital lobe‡ | - | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | <0.001 |
| ± | 4 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 | ||
| + | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| ++ | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| +++ | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| HIF-1α expression level in vessels in pia mater‡ | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | <0.001 |
| ± | 6 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | ||
| + | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| ++ | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| +++ | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| HIF-1α expression level in superior sagittal sinus‡ | - | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | <0.001 |
| ± | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | ||
| + | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | ||
| ++ | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| +++ | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| HIF-1α expression level in dura mater‡ | - | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | <0.001 |
| ± | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | ||
| + | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 0 | ||
| ++ | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| +++ | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
*Higher expression levels were observed in the 1 week and 2 weeks groups compared to control group, 3 weeks, and 90 days groups. The percentage was expressed as stained “positive” cell divided by the total number of cells under the same magnifications (i.e., 100× or 200×) of the same visual areas. The criteria used to assign the numerical values to expression levels were the following: - = 0%, + = >0%-25%, ++ = 26%-50%, +++ = 51%-75%, ++++ = >75%. †Higher expression level was observed in the 2 weeks group compared to control group. ‡Higher expression levels were observed in the one week group compared to control group, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 90 days groups.