Table 4.
Association of pain with study outcomes
| Study Outcome | Pain as Continuous Variablea | Severe Pain as Categorical Variable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted Association | Adjusted Associationb | Unadjusted Association | Adjusted Associationb | |
| Missed hemodialysis | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.10) | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.05) | 1.26 (1.04 to 1.52) | 1.11 (0.93 to 1.34) |
| Abbreviated hemodialysis | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08) | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.06) | 1.20 (1.09 to 1.33) | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.28) |
| Emergency department visits | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.13) | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.08) | 1.74 (1.42 to 2.13) | 1.58 (1.28 to 1.94) |
| Hospitalizations | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.13) | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.10) | 1.28 (1.08 to 1.50) | 1.22 (1.03 to 1.45) |
| Mortality | 1.16 (1.04 to 1.29) | 1.11 (0.97 to 1.27) | 1.93 (1.17 to 3.18) | 1.71 (0.81 to 2.96) |
Data denote the incident rate ratio (95% confidence interval).
a
Estimated effects are per 5-point increase in the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire score.
b
Models adjusted for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, black race, time on dialysis, catheter (versus arteriovenous fistula or graft), employment, income, low health literacy, dialysis schedule (Tuesday/Thursday/Saturday versus Monday/Wednesday/Friday), and study site.