Table 2.
Patient characteristics according to the presence of conventional indications (pre-emptive without and classic with) and commencement of RRT in relation to them (classic-urgent versus classic-delayed)
| Characteristic | Pre-emptive (n=105) | Classic (n=134) | P Value | Classic-Urgent (n=90) | Classic-Delayed (n=44) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 64.0 [50.0–75.5] | 65.5 [56.8–73.0] | 0.32 | 65.0 [56.8–72.0] | 69.5 [55.5–77.8] | 0.29 |
| Men | 69/105 (65.7) | 90/134 (67.2) | 0.89 | 59/90 (65.6) | 21/44 (47.7) | 0.70 |
| CKD | 137104 (12.5) | 26/132 (19.7) | 0.16 | 16/88 (18.2) | 10/44 (22.7) | 0.64 |
| Number of preexisting chronic illnesses | 1 [0–2] | 2 [1–2] | 0.03 | 1 [0–1] | 2 [1–3] | 0.21 |
| Operative admission | 52/105 (49.5) | 28/134 (20.9) | <0.001 | 13/90 (14.4) | 15/44 (34.1) | 0.01 |
| Emergency admission | 90/105 (85.7) | 131/134 (97.8) | 0.001 | 89/90 (98.9) | 42/44 (95.5) | 0.25 |
| Admitted froma | <0.001 | 0.20 | ||||
| Operating room or recovery room | 52/105 (49.5) | 24/134 (17.9) | 11/90 (12.2) | 13/44 (29.5) | ||
| Emergency room | 26/105 (24.8) | 60/134 (44.8) | 45/90 (50.0) | 15/44 (34.1) | ||
| Ward | 21/107 (20.0) | 36/134 (26.9) | 24/90 (26.7) | 12/44 (27.3) | ||
| Other | 6/105 (5.7) | 14/134 (10.4) | 10/90 (11.1) | 4/44 (9.1) | ||
| SAPS II score | 47.0 [36.0–60.0] | 56.0 [47.0–69.5] | <0.001 | 56.0 [47.0–68.3] | 58.5 [46.5–72.0] | 0.58 |
| SAPS II score without age points | 38.0 [25.5–46.5] | 45.0 [35.8–59.3] | <0.001 | 44.5 [35.8–59.3] | 46.0 [35.5–62.8] | 0.71 |
| SOFA score, first 24 h | 10.0 [8.0–13.0] | 11.0 [9.0–14.0] | 0.24 | 11.0 [8.8–14.0] | 11.0 [9.0–14.0] | 0.35 |
| SOFA score, maximum | 12.0 [10.0–15.0] | 12.5 [10.0–15.0] | 0.58 | 12.0 [9.0–15.0] | 14.0 [11.0–17.0] | 0.01 |
| Mechanical ventilation (ICU stay) | 91/105 (86.7) | 87/134 (64.9) | <0.001 | 51/90 (56.7) | 36/44 (81.8) | 0.004 |
| Vasoactive drugs (ICU stay) | 92/105 (87.6) | 112/134 (83.6) | 0.46 | 71/90 (78.9) | 41/44 (93.2) | 0.05 |
| Severe sepsis until day 5 | 48/105 (45.7) | 72/134 (53.7) | 0.24 | 44/90 (48.9) | 28/44 (63.6) | 0.14 |
| AKI before RRT | 92/104 (88.5) | 128/134 (95.5) | 0.05 | 84/90 (93.3) | 44/44 (100.0) | 0.18 |
| Highest AKI stage before RRTa | <0.001 | 0.86 | ||||
| Stage 1 | 19/92 (20.7) | 5/128 (3.9) | 2/84 (2.4) | 3/44 (6.8) | ||
| Stage 2 | 29/92 (31.5) | 26/128 (20.3) | 15/84 (17.9) | 11/44 (25.0) | ||
| Stage 3 | 44/92 (47.8) | 97/128 (75.8) | 67/84 (79.8) | 30/44 (68.2) | ||
| Time from hospital admission to RRT (d) | 2 [1–4] | 1 [0–3] | 0.002 | 1 [0–1] | 3 [1–6] | <0.001 |
| Time from ICU admission to RRT (h) | 22.5 [10.5–44.6] | 7.3 [2.6–28.7] | <0.001 | 3.3 [2.0–7.4] | 35.5 [22.7–59.8] | <0.001 |
| CRRT as initial modality | 80/105 (76.2) | 102/134 (76.1) | >0.99 | 66/90 (73.3) | 36/44 (81.8) | 0.39 |
| At RRT initiation | ||||||
| K (mEq/L) | 4.2 [3.9–4.7] | 4.8 [4.1–5.5] | <0.001 | 5.1 [4.3–6.1] | 4.5 [4.0–5.1] | 0.004 |
| pH | 7.35 [7.27–7.40] | 7.23 [7.12–7.34] | <0.001 | 7.20 [7.10–7.33] | 7.27 [7.18–7.36] | 0.02 |
| BE (mmol/L) | −5.5 [−9.5 to −2.6] | −11.2 [−16.9 to −7.0] | <0.001 | −13.0 [−19.8 to −4.9] | −9.8 [−12.9 to −4.9] | 0.003 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.8 [1.2–3.9] | 3.4 [1.5–9.2] | <0.001 | 3.4 [1.7–10.3] | 3.4 [1.4–6.5] | 0.38 |
| Creatinine before RRT (mg/dl) | 2.6 [1.9–3.6] | 3.7 [2.3–6.3] | <0.001 | 4.5 [2.4–7.9] | 2.9 [1.9–4.4] | 0.003 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 19.1 [12.1–25.8] | 23.2 [13.9–33.4] | 0.01 | 25.9 [17.6–38.9] | 16.7 [10.6–27.2] | 0.01 |
| Urine output (ml/24 h)b | 380 [110–1075] | 234 [56–780] | 0.17 | 315 [105–1190] | 109 [28–482] | 0.003 |
| Fluid accumulation (%) | 5.1 [1.6–10.8] | 5.7 [1.7–10.4] | 0.72 | 3.3 [0.5–8.4] | 9.3 [6.2–14.0] | <0.001 |
| Diuretics before RRT | 79/105 (75.2) | 90/134 (67.2) | 0.20 | 49/90 (54.4) | 41/44 (93.2) | <0.001 |
| Duration of RRT among 90-d survivors (d) at 90 d | 7.0 [3.0–28.0] | 4.0 [2.0–23.0] | 0.13 | 4.0 [1.8–21.0] | 5.0 [3.3–25.0] | 0.27 |
Data are expressed as median [interquartile range] or number/total number (percentage). SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; ICU, intensive care unit; CRRT, continuous RRT; BE, base excess.
a
Comparison across groups.
b
On the day of RRT initiation.