Stereo diagrams of the ICAM-1, PVR and CAR D1 domains. The β-strands are labeled A–G. The amino acids identified as being in the virus–receptor interface are indicated by spheres. a, ICAM-1 with HRV14 and HRV16 in blue, and ICAM-1 with coxsackievirus A21 in red; b, PVR with poliovirus in red; and c, CAR with adenovirus knob in blue and CAR with CVB3 in red. d, Schematic diagram of the modes by which CAR (green) binds to CVB3 (red) and adenovirus19 (blue). The suggested membrane curvature is speculative.