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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 3.
Published in final edited form as: Curr HIV Res. 2014;12(2):97–110. doi: 10.2174/1570162x12666140526114956

Table 4.

Summary of Immunohistological Findings

Class HIVp24 CD16 CD163 HLA-DR GFAP Vimentin
HIVE FWM: 2+
BG: 2+
Nodules, cuffs and microglia with thickened processes		 FWM: 3½+
BG: 2¾+
Global and patchy positivity of microglia, nodules, cuffs and MNGC		 FWM and BG: 4+ Global positivity of microglia, nodules, cuffs and MNGC FWM: 2½+
BG: 3+
Mostly nodules and pv MΦs/cuffs with patchy regions of positive microglia		 FWM: 3½+
Primarily dim hypertrophic astrocytes in WM with infrequent high-expressing ramified astrocytes in cortical GM		 FWM: 2+
Primarily hypertrophic astrocytes in WM with rare dim hypertrophic astrocytes in cortical GM
HIVnoE Negative FWM: 2½+
BG: ¾+
Predominantly patchy microglial positivity with bright and dim cells; some cell aggregates (“soft nodules”) noted		 FWM: 2½+
BG: 1½+
Bright pv MΦs with patches of parenchymal positivity		 FWM: ½+
BG: 1+
Mostly patchy and limited to pv MΦs and regional microglia; some cell aggregates (“soft nodules”) noted		 FWM: 3+
Mostly bright ramified astrocytes in WM and at WM/GM boundary, infrequent dim hypertrophic astrocytes in WM, positivity in GM is largely limited to pv astrocytes		 FWM: ¾+
Rare, very dim hypertrophic astrocytes in WM, negative in cortical GM
HIV− n/a FWM: <½+
BG: negative
Rare, limited pv and parenchymal positivity observed in 2 of 5 cases		 FWM and BG: <½+
Limited pv MΦs slightly brighter than normal and rare parenchymal positivity		 FWM and BG: <½+
Limited, rare pv MΦs		 FWM: 2+
Primarily patchy, bright ramified astrocytes; when present, cortical GM positivity is limited to pv astrocytes		 Negative

The average positivity score and most frequent findings from the immunohistochemical studies is tabulated for each class. Abbreviations: n/a = not applicable; pv = perivascular.