Table 4.

Association between noise level of room in internal medicine department and sleep disturbance of hospitalized patients

Noise in rooms	PSQI score
	Unadjusted			Adjusteda
	β	SE	95% CI	β	SE	95% CI
Equivalent noise level (dBA)
24 Hours	0.22	0.08	0.07, 0.37*	0.20	0.07	0.05, 0.42*
Day	0.24	0.09	0.06, 0.42*	0.20	0.09	0.09, 0.53*
Night	0.13	0.06	0.01, 0.24*	0.12	0.06	0.07, 0.36*
Maximum noise level (dBA)
24 Hours	0.16	0.07	0.02, 0.30*	0.13	0.07	0.01, 0.32*
Day	0.13	0.08	-0.02, 0.23	0.10	0.07	-0.01, 0.48
Night	0.11	0.06	-0.01, 0.24	0.12	0.06	-0.01, 0.21

Sleep disturbance assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval.

^aParameter estimated using multiple linear regression model adjusted for age, gender, severity of patients’ disease, medication of sleep interfering drug, and type of room.

^*p<0.05.