Table 5.
Effect of botanical extracts on bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) luciferase promoter activity, and mRNA and protein expression in MG-63 cells
| Sample concentrations achieving significant effect (µg/ml) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | BMP-2 mRNA* (fold increase) | BMP-2 promoter† | BMP-2 protein synthesis‡ |
| Eleuthero | 27 | – | 1, 10, 100 |
| Licorice | 45 | – | – |
| Quercetin | 3 | 6·3, 12·5, 25, 50, 100 | 1, 10, 100 |
| Rehmannia | 28 | – | – |
| Sophora | 49 | 100 | 1, 10, 100 |
| Ipriflavone | – | 3·2, 6·3, 12·5, 25, 50, 100 | 1 |
| Orthosilicic acid | Not tested | 0·5 µm | Not tested |
| Simvastatin | Not tested | 5 µm | Not tested |
* BMP-2 expression levels were measured for MG-63 cells treated with sample extracts at 10 µg/ml. Data are expressed as fold change in BMP-2 mRNA compared with controls. A greater than two-fold increase is considered significant.
† BMP-2 promoter assay was measured using a clonal osteoblast cell line (2T3 cells) that was stably transfected with murine BMP-2 promoter (–2712/ +165) linked to firefly luciferase cDNA. The sample concentrations listed significantly increased (P < 0·05) luciferase activity compared with controls.
‡ BMP-2 protein levels were measured from supernatant fractions of treated MG-63 cells using an ELISA assay. The sample concentrations listed significantly increased (P < 0·05) protein synthesis compared with controls.