Table 2.
Effect of palm fruit juice (PFJ)† on onset of diabetes in 12-week-old male Nile rats (Arvicanthis niloticus) fed chow‡ for 36 weeks (experiment 1)
(Mean values and standard deviations)§
| Group... | Water | PFJ 1500 drink | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | |
| Rats (n) | 8 | 8 | ||
| BW (g) | ||||
| Initial at age 12 weeks | 94 | 14 | 95 | 15 |
| After 36 weeks | 124 | 12 | 131 | 17 |
| Food intake | ||||
| g/d, 0–4 weeks | 16 | 5 | 10* | 2 |
| g/d, 33–36 weeks | 20 | 5 | 11* | 1 |
| kJ/d, 0–4 weeks | 251 | 79 | 159* | 33 |
| kJ/d, 33–36 weeks | 314 | 79 | 172* | 17 |
| Drink intake‖ | ||||
| ml/d, 0–4 weeks | 32 | 19 | 42 | 5 |
| ml/d, 33–36 weeks | 68 | 25 | 54 | 6 |
| kJ/d, 0–4 weeks | 0 | 25 | 4 | |
| kJ/d, 33–36 weeks | 0 | 29 | 12 | |
| Total energy intake (kJ/d) | 285 | 79 | 197 | 17 |
| Food efficiency (g BW gained/1000 kJ) | 0·5 | 0·1 | 0·8* | 0·1 |
| GAE intake (mg/kg BW per d) | 0 | 648 | ||
| Random blood glucose, after 36 weeks (mmol/l) | 22·3 | 7·7 | 11·1* | 5·6 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l) | ||||
| Initial | 3·0a,b | 0·8 | 2·9 | 1·4 |
| After 12 weeks | 6·8a,c | 5·3 | 3·4 | 1·8 |
| After 36 weeks | 10·6b,c | 6·0 | 4·3* | 3·2 |
| Organ weight (% BW) | ||||
| Liver | 6·3 | 1·3 | 4·6* | 0·9 |
| Kidney | 1·3 | 0·3 | 1·0* | 0·1 |
| Caecum | 2·7 | 1·1 | 1·7* | 0·5 |
| Adipose | ||||
| Epididymal | 2·6 | 1·0 | 2·8 | 0·5 |
| Perirenal | 0·8 | 0·4 | 1·3 | 0·5 |
| Inguinal | 0·8 | 0·1 | 1·0* | 0·2 |
| Omental | 0·9 | 0·2 | 0·9 | 0·2 |
| Brown | 1·5 | 0·7 | 1·8 | 0·5 |
| Total adipose | 6·7 | 1·7 | 7·8 | 1·5 |
| Carcass | 67 | 3 | 70 | 2 |
| Fasting plasma lipids, 36 weeks (mmol/l) | ||||
| TC | 9·5 | 4·1 | 5·8* | 2·6 |
| TAG | 6·6 | 7·0 | 1·3* | 1·0 |
| Fasting plasma insulin, 36 weeks (pmol/l) | 0·9 | 0·6 | 1·4 | 0·3 |
BW, body weight; GAE, gallic acid equivalents; TC, total cholesterol; ppm, parts per million; CHO, carbohydrate.
a,b,c Mean values within a column sharing a common superscript were significantly different (P < 0·05; repeated-measures ANOVA and Fisher's protected least significant difference (PLSD) test).
* Mean value was significantly different from that of the water group (P < 0·05; unpaired t test).
Drink of PFJ containing 1500 ppm GAE.
Laboratory chow 5020, percentage energy from CHO–fat–protein = 57:21:22, 15·9 kJ/g.
Data normalised by log transformation for statistical analysis as necessary.
‖ Values include energy from PFJ sugars.