Table 3.
Daily intake of gluten in partially breast-fed (P-BF) and non-breast-fed (N-BF) 6–12-month-old children (n 826)
(Mean values and standard deviations)
| 6–8 months (n 316) | 8–10 months (n 289) | 10–12 months (n 221) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-BF (n 181) | N-BF (n 135) | P-BF (n 110) | N-BF (n 179) | P-BF (n 48) | N-BF (n 173) | ||||||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P* | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P* | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P* | |
| Gluten (mg/d) | 1649 | 1537 | 1994 | 1450 | 0·331 | 3185 | 1580 | 4080 | 1940 | <0·001 | 4392 | 1777 | 5455 | 2115 | 0·007 |
| Wheat | 542 | 677 | 700 | 687 | 0·229 | 1411 | 1025 | 1932 | 1278 | <0·001 | 2338 | 1493 | 2723 | 1500 | 0·256 |
| Oats | 870 | 974 | 1022 | 1030 | 0·562 | 1182 | 1018 | 1534 | 1215 | 0·012 | 1313 | 1166 | 1872 | 1270 | 0·012 |
| Barley | 2·77 | 4·33 | 3·17 | 4·15 | 0·537 | 2·18 | 3·06 | 4·89 | 16·70 | 0·094 | 1·85 | 4·08 | 2·49 | 6·40 | 0·649 |
| Rye | 234 | 411 | 269 | 430 | 0·947 | 591 | 566 | 609 | 568 | 0·805 | 740 | 661 | 859 | 662 | 0·343 |
| Gluten per unit energy intake (mg/kJ per d) | 0·53 | 0·43 | 0·59 | 0·38 | 0·847 | 0·92 | 0·41 | 1·07 | 0·45 | 0·003 | 1·17 | 0·36 | 1·30 | 0·43 | 0·151 |
| Wheat | 0·18 | 0·20 | 0·21 | 0·18 | 0·739 | 0·41 | 0·29 | 0·52 | 0·35 | 0·007 | 0·62 | 0·34 | 0·65 | 0·32 | 0·919 |
| Oats | 0·28 | 0·29 | 0·30 | 0·29 | 0·814 | 0·34 | 0·29 | 0·40 | 0·29 | 0·109 | 0·35 | 0·30 | 0·45 | 0·28 | 0·065 |
| Barley | 0·0009 | 0·001 | 0·0010 | 0·001 | 0·826 | 0·0006 | 0·0009 | 0·0012 | 0·004 | 0·092 | 0·0005 | 0·001 | 0·0006 | 0·001 | 0·832 |
| Rye | 0·07 | 0·12 | 0·08 | 0·11 | 0·557 | 0·17 | 0·17 | 0·16 | 0·14 | 0·478 | 0·20 | 0·17 | 0·21 | 0·16 | 0·884 |
* Univariate general linear model test for the difference between breast-feeding groups with age as a covariate.