Table 3.
BMI and concentrations of blood lipids in the pretest control group and in those drinking water, casein, skimmed milk or the whey drink*
(Medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) or mean values and standard deviations)
| Week –12 | Week 0 | Week 12 | Change† | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | iqr | Median | iqr | Median | iqr | Median | iqr | Paired test‡ | Treatment§ | Treatment‖ | |
| BMI (kg/m2)¶ | |||||||||||
| Pretest control | 25·1 | 24·3–26·1 | 25·3 | 24·6–26·6 | – | – | 0·3 | –0·05 to 0·58 | P = 0·042 | – | – |
| Water | – | – | 25·2 | 23·1–27·0 | 25·4 | 23·7–26·9 | 0·4 | –0·24 to 0·75 | P = 0·010 | P = 0·321 | – |
| Casein | – | – | 24·4 | 23·5–26·5 | 25·6 | 24·2–26·9 | 0·8 | 0·39 to 1·24 | P < 0·001 | P < 0·001 | P = 0·002 |
| Skimmed milk | – | – | 24·7 | 23·5–25·9 | 25·3 | 24·2–27·0 | 0·6 | 0·19 to 1·04 | P < 0·001 | P = 0·001 | P = 0·022 |
| Whey | – | – | 24·7 | 23·1–26·2 | 25·5 | 23·8–26·7 | 0·7 | 0·28 to 1·20 | P < 0·001 | P < 0·001 | P = 0·009 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l)** | |||||||||||
| Pretest control | 3·80 | 3·32–4·29 | 3·84 | 3·38–4·56 | – | – | 0·05 | –0·09 to 0·32 | P = 0·938 | – | – |
| Water | – | – | 4·02 | 3·53–4·66 | 4·12 | 3·50–4·45 | 0·00 | –0·31 to 0·32 | P = 0·757 | P = 0·370 | – |
| Casein | – | – | 3·85 | 3·61–4·77 | 4·44 | 3·79–4·71 | 0·13 | –0·33 to 0·43 | P = 0·187 | P = 0·509 | P = 0·091 |
| Skimmed milk | – | – | 4·34 | 3·82–4·74 | 4·26 | 3·84–4·73 | –0·05 | –0·26 to 0·27 | P = 0·775 | P = 0·531 | P = 0·782 |
| Whey | – | – | 4·04 | 3·60–4·93 | 4·09 | 3·65–4·63 | 0·03 | –0·30 to 0·27 | P = 0·811 | P = 0·547 | P = 0·757 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)** | |||||||||||
| Pretest control | 2·29 | 1·85–2·76 | 2·15 | 1·88–2·79 | – | – | –0·02 | –0·12 to 0·12 | P = 0·601 | – | – |
| Water | – | – | 2·35 | 1·89–2·90 | 2·41 | 1·97–2·89 | 0·08 | –0·27 to 0·26 | P = 0·946 | P = 0·940 | – |
| Casein | – | – | 2·38 | 1·98–2·72 | 2·68 | 2·13–3·10 | 0·06 | –0·13 to 0·35 | P = 0·051 | P = 0·087 | P = 0·053 |
| Skimmed milk | – | – | 2·53 | 1·96–3·02 | 2·58 | 2·02–2·88 | 0·04 | –0·16 to 0·24 | P = 0·827 | P = 0·698 | P = 0·609 |
| Whey | – | – | 2·25 | 1·95–2·76 | 2·26 | 2·02–2·71 | 0·06 | –0·24 to 0·23 | P = 0·700 | P = 0·919 | P = 0·847 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)** | |||||||||||
| Pretest control | P = 0·707 | – | – | ||||||||
| Mean | 1·16 | 1·17 | – | 0·01 | |||||||
| sd | 0·19 | 0·23 | – | 0·16 | |||||||
| Water | P = 0·742 | P = 0·379 | – | ||||||||
| Mean | – | 1·20 | 1·20 | −0·07 | |||||||
| sd | – | 0·21 | 0·19 | 0·15 | |||||||
| Casein | P = 0·980 | P = 0·408 | P = 0·998 | ||||||||
| Mean | – | 1·16 | 1·15 | 0·00 | |||||||
| sd | – | 0·27 | 0·26 | 0·13 | |||||||
| Skimmed milk | P = 0·191 | P = 0·118 | P = 0·415 | ||||||||
| Mean | – | 1·20 | 1·19 | −0·03 | |||||||
| sd | – | 0·30 | 0·27 | 0·16 | |||||||
| Whey | P = 0·720 | P = 0·412 | P = 0·968 | ||||||||
| Mean | – | 1·26 | 1·26 | −0·01 | |||||||
| sd | – | 0·32 | 0·25 | 0·20 | |||||||
| TAG (mmol/l)** | |||||||||||
| Pretest control | 0·81 | 0·53–1·19 | 0·87 | 0·62–1·03 | – | – | –0·04 | –0·22 to 016 | P = 0·625 | – | – |
| Water | – | – | 0·87 | 0·65–1·22 | 0·86 | 0·65–1·04 | –0·01 | –0·24 to 0·13 | P = 0·363 | P = 0·267 | – |
| Casein | – | – | 0·73 | 0·59–0·96 | 0·87 | 0·61–1·15 | 0·07 | –0·20 to 0·32 | P = 0·226 | P = 0·709 | P = 0·107 |
| Skimmed milk | – | – | 0·84 | 0·65–1·15 | 0·79 | 0·63–1·14 | 0·00 | –0·20 to 0·16 | P = 0·665 | P = 0·617 | P = 0·503 |
| Whey | – | – | 0·82 | 0·69–1·15 | 0·77 | 0·64–1·03 | 0·00 | –0·28 to 0·14 | P = 0·823 | P = 0·559 | P = 0·565 |
–, No measurements were performed.
There were no differences between the four test-drink groups at baseline (week 0).
† For test drinks, calculated as the change from week 0 to week 12; in the pretest control group, calculated as the change from week –12 to week 0.
‡ Level of significance between week 0 and week 12 for the test-drink groups and between week –12 and week 0 for the pretest control group.
§ Level of significance for difference over the intervention between the test-drink group and the pretest control group.
|| Level of significance for difference over the intervention between the milk-based test drink and water.
¶ For BMI, at week –12 (n 32); at week 0 (water (n 50), casein (n 47), skimmed milk (n 48), whey (n 48)); at week 12 (water (n 50), casein (n 36), skimmed milk (n 44), whey (n 43)).
** For blood lipids, at week –12 (n 32); at week 0 (water (n 50), casein (n 47), skimmed milk (n 48), whey (n 48)); at week 12 (water (n 49), casein (n 36), skimmed milk (n 43), whey (n 43)).